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7. Mettabhavanasuttavannana
[27] Sattame yani kaniciti anavasesapariyadanam opadhikani
punnakiriyavatthuniti tesam niyamanam. Tattha upadhi vuccanti khandha, upadhissa karanam
silam etesam, upadhippayojanani va opadhikani. Sampattibhave attabhavajanakani
patisandhipavattivipakadayakani. Punnakiriyavatthuniti punnakiriya ca ta tesam tesam
phalanisamsanam vatthuni cati punnakiriyavatthuni. Tani pana sankhepato danamayam
silamayam bhavanamayanti tividhani honti. Tattha yam vattabbam, tam parato
tikanipatavannanayam avibhavissati. Mettaya cetovimuttiyati mettabhavanavasena
patiladdhatikacatukkajjhanasamapattiya. "metta"ti hi vutte upacaropi labbhati
appanapi, "cetovimutti"ti pana vutte appanajhanameva labbhati. Tam hi
nivaranadipaccanikadhammato cittassa sutthu vimuttibhavena cetovimuttiti vuccati.
Kalam nagghanti solasinti mettabrahmaviharassa solasabhagam opadhikani
punnakiriyavatthuni na agghanti. Idam vuttam hoti:- mettaya cetovimuttiya yo
vipako, tam solasakotthase katva tato ekam puna solasakotthase katva tattha
yo ekakotthaso, na tam annani opadhikani punnakiriyavatthuni agghantiti.
Adhiggahetvati abhibhavitva. Bhasateti upakkilesavisuddhiya dippati. Tapateti
Tato eva anavasese patipakkhadhamme santapati. Virocatiti ubhayasampattiya virocati.
Metta hi cetovimutti candalokasankhata vigatupakkilesa junha viya dippati,
atapo viya andhakaram paccanikadhamme vidhamanti tapati, osadhitaraka viya
vijjotamana virocati ca.
Seyyathapiti opammadassanatthe nipato. Tarakarupananti jotinam. Candiyati
candassa ayanti candi, tassa candiya, pabhaya junhayati attho. Vassananti
vassanam bahuvacanavasena laddhavoharassa utuno. Pacchime maseti kattikamase.
Saradasamayeti saradakale. Assayujakattikamasa hi loke "saradautu"ti vuccanti.
Viddheti ubbiddhe, meghavigamena duribhuteti attho. Tenevaha "vigatavalahake"ti.
Deveti akase. Nabham abbhussakkamanoti udayatthanato akasam ullanghanto.
Tamagatanti tamam. Abhivihaccati abhihantva vidhamitva. Osadhitarakati ussanna pabha
etaya dhiyati, osadhinam va anubalappadayitatta osadhiti laddhanama taraka.
Etthaha:- kasma pana bhagavata samanepi opadhikabhave 1- metta
itarehi opadhikapunnehi visesetva vuttati? vuccate:- setthatthena
niddosabhavena ca sattesu supatipattibhavato. Settha hi ete vihara, sabbasattesu
sammapatipattibhutani yadidam mettajhanani. Yatha ca brahmano niddosacitta
viharanti, evam etehi samannagata yogino brahmasamava hutva viharanti. Tatha
hime "brahmavihara"ti vuccanti. Iti setthatthena niddosabhavena ca sattesu
supatipattibhavato mettava itarehi opadhikapunnehi visesetva vutta.
Evampi kasma mettava evam visesetva vutta? itaresam brahmaviharanam
Adhitthanabhavato danadinam sabbesam kalyanadhammanam paripurikatta ca. Ayam hi
@Footnote: 1 ka. sasavabhave
Sattesu hitakarappavattilakkhana metta, hitupasamhararasa, aghatavinayapaccupatthana.
Yadi anodhiso bhavita bahulikata, atha sukheneva karunadibhavana sampajjantiti
metta itaresam brahmaviharanam adhitthanam. Tatha hi sattesu hitajjhasayataya
sati nesam dukkhasahanata, 1- sampattivisesanam ciratthitikamata, 2- pakkhapatabhavena
sabbattha samappavattacittata ca sukheneva ijjhanti. Evanca sakalalokahitasukha-
vidhanadhimutta mahabodhisatta "imassa databbam, imassa na databban"ti uttamavicaya-
vasena vibhagam akatva sabbasattanam niravasesasukhanidanam 3- danam denti, hitasukhatthameva
nesam silam samadiyanti, silaparipuranattham nekkhammam bhajanti, tesam hitasukhesu
asammohatthaya pannam pariyodapenti, hitasukhabhivaddhanatthameva dalham viriyamarabhanti,
uttamaviriyavasena virabhavampattapi sattanam nanappakarahitajjhasayeneva aparadham
khamanti, "idam vo dassama, karissama"tiadina katam patinnatam na visamvadenti,
tesam hitasukhayeva acaladhitthana 4- honti. Tesu acalaya mettaya pubbakarino
hitajjhasayeneva nesam vippakare udasina honti, pubbakaritayapi na
paccupakaramasisantiti. Evante paramiyo puretva yava
dasabalacatuvesarajjachaasadharanananaattharasaavenikabuddhadhammappabhede sabbepi
kalyanadhamme paripurenti evam danadinam sabbesam kalyanadhammanam paripurika
mettati ca imassa visesassa dassanattham sa itarehi visesetva vutta.
Apica mettaya itarehi opadhikapunnehi mahanubhavata velamasuttena
dipetabba. Tattha hi yatha nama mahata velamassa danato ekassa sotapannassa
danam mahapphalataram vuttam, evam sotapannasatato ekassa sakadagamissa danam
.pe. Paccekabuddhasatato bhagavato tatopi buddhappamukhassa samghassa danam, tatopi
@Footnote: 1 Ma. dukkhapanayanata 2 Ma. ciratathitikata
@3 Ma. niravasesamukhena 4 ka. saccadhitthana
Catuddisassa samghassa viharadanam, tatopi saranagamanam, tatopi silasamadanam, tatopi
gadduhanamattampi kalam mettabhavana mahapphalatara vutta. Yathaha:-
"yam gahapati velamo brahmano danam adasi mahadanam.
Yo cekam ditthisampannam bhojeyya, idam tato mahapphalataram. Yo ca
satam ditthisampannam bhojeyya .pe. Suramerayamajjapamadatthana
veramanim. Yo ca antamaso gadduhanamattampi mettacittam bhaveyya,
idam tato mahapphalataran"ti. 1-
Mahaggatapunnabhavena panassa parittapunnato satisayataya vattabbameva
natthi. Vuttanhetam "yam pamanakatam kammam, na tam tatravasissati, na tam
tatravatitthati"ti. 2- Kamavacarakammam hi pamanakatam nama, mahaggatakammam pana pamanam
atikkamitva odisakanodisakapharanavasena vaddhitva katatta appamanakatam nama.
Kamavacarakammam tassa mahaggatakammassa antara laggitum va tam kammam abhibhavitva
attano vipakassa okasam gahetva thatum va na sakkoti, atha kho
mahaggatakammameva tam parittakammam mahogho viya parittam udakam abhibhavitva
attano okasam gahetva titthati, tassa vipakam patibahitva sayameva
brahmasahabyatam upanetiti ayam hi tassa atthoti.
Gathasu yoti yo koci gahattho va pabbajito va. Mettanti
mettajhanam. Appamananti bhavanavasena arammanavasena ca appamanam.
Asubhabhavanadayo viya hi arammane ekadesaggahanam akatva anavasesapharanavasena
anodhiso pharanavasena ca appamanarammanataya pagunabhavanavasena 3- appamanam.
Tanu samyojana hontiti mettajhanam padakam katva sammasitva hetthime
ariyamagge adhigacchantassa sukheneva patighasamyojanadayo pahiyamana tanu honti.
@Footnote: 1 an.navaka. 23/224/407-8
@2 di.Si. 9/556/245, sam.sala. 18/619/397 (sya) 3 Ma. pharanabhavanavasena
Tenaha "passato upadhikkhayan"ti. "upadhikkhayo"ti hi nibbanam vuccati, tancassa
sacchikiriyabhisamayavasena maggananena passati. Atha va tanu samyojana hontiti
mettajhanapadatthanaya vipassanaya anukkamena upadhikkhayasankhatam arahattam patva
tam passato pageva dasapi samyojana tanu honti, pahiyantiti attho, atha va
tanu samyojana hontiti patigho ceva patighasampayuttasamyojana ca tanuka honti.
Passato upadhikkhayanti tesamyeva kilesupadhinam khayasankhatam mettam adhigamavasena
passantassati evamettha attho datthabbo.
Evam kilesappahanam nibbanadhigamanca mettabhavanaya sikhappattamanisamsam
dassetva idani annepi anisamse dassetum "ekampi ce"tiadimaha. Tattha
adutthacittoti mettabalena sutthu vikkhambhitabyapadataya byapadena adusitacitto.
Mettayatiti hitapharanavasena mettam karoti. Kusaloti atisayena kusalava
mahapunno, patighadianatthavigamena va khemi. Tenati tena mettayitena.
Sabbe ca paneti casaddo byatireke. Manasanukampanti cittena anukampanto.
Idam vuttam hoti:- ekasattavisayapi tava metta mahakusalarasi, sabbe pana
pane attano piyaputtam viya hitapharanena manasa anukampanto pahutam bahum
anappakam apariyantam catusatthimahakappepi attano vipakappabandham pavattetum
samattham ularapunnam ariyo parisuddhacitto puggalo pakaroti nipphadeti.
Sattasandanti sattasankhatena sandena samannagatam bharitam, sattehi
aviralam akinnamanussanti attho. Vijitvati adandena asatthena dhammeneva
vijinitva. Rajisayoti isisadisa dhammikarajano. Yajamanati danani dadamana.
Anupariyagati vicarimsu.
Assamedhantiadisu poranakarajakale kira sassamedham purisamedham sammapasam
vacapeyyanti cattari sangahavatthuni ahesum, yehi rajano lokam sanganhimsu.
Tattha nipphannasassato dasamabhagaggahanam sassamedham nama, sassasampadane
medhavitati attho. Mahayodhanam chamasikam bhattavetananuppadanam purisamedham nama,
purisasangahane medhavitati attho. Daliddamanussanam potthake lekham gahetva
tini vassani vina vaddhiya sahassadvisahassamattadhananuppadanam sammapasam
nama. Tam hi samma manusse paseti hadaye bandhitva viya thapeti, tasma
"sammapasan"ti vuccati. "tata matula"tiadina pana sanhavacaya sanganhanam
vacapeyyam nama, peyyavajjam piyavacatati attho. Evam catuhi sangahavatthuhi
sangahitam rattham iddhanceva hoti phitanca pahutaannapanam khemam nibbhayam. 1-
Manussa muda modamana ure putte naccenta aparutaghara viharanti, idam
gharadvaresu aggalanam abhavato "niraggalan"ti vuccati. Ayam poranika paveni,
ayam poranika pakati.
Aparabhage pana okkakarakale brahmana imani cattari sangahavatthuni
imanca ratthasampattim parivattenta uddhammulam katva assamedham purisamedhantiadike
panca yanne nama akamsu. Vuttanehatam bhagavata brahmanadhammiyasutte:-
"tesam asi vipallaso disvana anuto anum .pe.
Te tattha mante ganthetva okkakam tadupagamun"ti. 2-
Tattha assamettha medhanti badhentiti assamedho, dvihi parinnehi
yajitabbassa ekavisatiyupassa ekasmim pacchimadivase eva 3- satta
navutipancapasusataghatabhisanassa thapetva bhumim ca purise ca avasesasabbavibhavadakkhinassa
yannassetam adhivacanam. Purisamettha medhanti badhentiti purisamedho. Catuhi parinnehi
yajitabbassa saddhim bhumiya assamedhe vuttavibhavadakkhinassa yannassetam adhivacanam.
@Footnote: 1 cha.Ma. nirabbudam 2 su.khu. 25/305/391 3 Si.,Ma.,ka. majjhimadivaseeva
Sammamettha pasanti khipantiti sammapaso, yugacchiggale pavesanadandakasankhatam
sammam khipitva tassa patitokase vedim katva samharimehi yupadihi sarassatinadiya
nimmuggokasato pabhuti patilomam gacchantena yajitabbassa yannayagassetam 1-
adhivacanam. Vajamettha pivantiti vajapeyyo. Ekena pariyannena sattarasahi pasuhi
yajitabbassa veluvayupassa sattarasakadakkhinassa yannassetam adhivacanam. Natthi
ettha aggaloti niraggalo. Navahi pariyannehi yajitabsassa saddhim bhumiya
purisehi ca assamedhe vuttavibhavadakkhinassa sabbamedhapariyayanamassa
assamedhavikappassetam adhivacanam.
Candappabhati candappabhaya. Taraganava sabbeti yatha sabbepi taragana
candassa pabhaya 2- solasimpi kalam nagghanti, evam te assamedhadayo yanna
mettacittassa vuttalakkhanena subhavitassa solasimpi kalam nanubhavanti na papunanti,
nagghantiti attho.
Idani aparepi ditthadhammikasamparayike mettabhavanaya anisamse dassetum
"yo na hanti"tiadi vuttam. Tattha yoti mettabrahmaviharabhavananuyutto
puggalo. Na hantiti teneva mettabhavananubhavena duravikkhambhitabyapadataya na
kinci sattam himsati, leddudandadihi na vibadhati va. Na ghatetiti param
samadapetva na satte hanapeti na vibadhapeti ca. Na jinatiti
sarambhaviggahikakathadivasena na kinci jinati sarambhasseva abhavato, janikaranavasena
va attakaranadina na kinci jinati. Na japayeti parepi payojetva paresam
dhanajanim na karapeyya. Mettamsoti mettamayacittakotthaso, mettaya va amso
avijjahanatthena avayavabhutoti mettamso. Sabbabhutesuti sabbasattesu. Tato eva
@Footnote: 1 Ma. yatarayagassetam sabbabhagassetam, mano.pu. 2/39/341 2 cha.Ma. candimasobhaya
Verantassa na kenaciti akusalaveram tassa kenacipi karanena natthi,
puggalaverasankhato virodho kenaci purisena saddhim tassa mettaviharassa natthiti.
Evametasmim ekakanipate patipatiya terasasu suttesu sikkhasuttadvaye
cati pannarasasu suttesu vivattam kathitam, nivaranasuttam samyojanasuttam appamadasuttam
atthisancayasuttanti etesu catusu suttesu vattavivattam kathitam, itaresu pana
vattameva kathitanti.
Sattamasuttavannana nitthita.
Paramatthadipaniya khuddakanikayatthakathaya
itivuttakassa
ekakanipatavannana nitthita.
--------------
The Pali Atthakatha in Roman Book 27 page 102-109.
http://84000.org/tipitaka/atthapali/read_rm.php?B=27&A=2236&modeTY=2
อรรถกถาบาลีอักษรไทย :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/atthapali/read_th.php?B=27&A=2236&modeTY=2
อ่านอรรถกถาแปลไทย :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/attha/attha.php?b=25&i=205
เนื้อความพระไตรปิฎกฉบับหลวง :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/r.php?B=25&A=4868
พระไตรปิฎกฉบับบาลีอักษรไทย :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/pali_read.php?B=25&A=5042
The Pali Tipitaka in Roman Character :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/roman_read.php?B=25&A=5042
Contents of The Tipitaka Volume 25
http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/?index_25
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