ขอนอบน้อมแด่
พระผู้มีพระภาคอรหันตสัมมาสัมพุทธเจ้า
                      พระองค์นั้น
บทนำ พระวินัยปิฎก พระสุตตันตปิฎก พระอภิธรรมปิฎก ค้นพระไตรปิฎก ชาดก หนังสือธรรมะ
previous bookno pageNumbernext pagelast page chage to ENGLISH letter  
Atthakatha Book 26 : PALI ROMAN U.A. (paramatthadī.)

page1.

Paramatthadīpanī nāma khuddakanikāyaṭṭhakathā udānavaṇṇanā ------------ namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa. Ganthārambhakathā mahākāruṇikaṃ nāthaṃ ñeyyasāgarapāraguṃ vande nipuṇagambhīra- vicitranayadesanaṃ. Vijjācaraṇasampannā yena niyyanti lokato vande tamuttamaṃ dhammaṃ sammāsambuddhapūjitaṃ. Sīlādiguṇasampanno ṭhito maggaphalesu yo vande ariyasaṃghaṃ taṃ puññakkhettaṃ anuttaraṃ. Vandanājanitaṃ puññaṃ iti yaṃ ratanattaye hatantarāyo sabbattha hutvāhaṃ tassa tejasā. Tena tena nidānena desitāni hitesinā yāni suddhāpadānena 1- udānāni mahesinā. Tāni sabbāni ekajjhaṃ āropentehi saṅgahaṃ udānaṃ nāma saṅgītaṃ dhammasaṅgāhakehi yaṃ. Jinassa dhammasaṃvega- pāmojjaparidīpanaṃ somanassasamuṭṭhāna- gāthāhi paṭimaṇḍitaṃ. @Footnote: 1 ka. yāni yāni suddhāneva

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page2.

Tassa gambhīrañāṇehi ogāhetabbabhāvato kiñcāpi dukkarā kātuṃ atthasaṃvaṇṇanā mayā sahasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ yasmā dharate satthu sāsanaṃ pubbācariyasīhānaṃ tiṭṭhateva vinicchayo. Tasmā taṃ avalambitvā ogāhetvāna pañcapi nikāye upanissāya porāṇaṭṭhakathānayaṃ. Suvisuddhaṃ asaṅkiṇṇaṃ nipuṇatthavinicchayaṃ mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ samayaṃ avilomayaṃ. 1- Punappunāgataṃ atthaṃ vajjayitvāna sādhukaṃ yathābalaṃ karissāmi udānassatthavaṇṇanaṃ. Iti ākaṅkhamānassa saddhammassa ciraṭṭhitiṃ vibhajantassa tassatthaṃ sādhu gaṇhantu sādhavoti. Tattha udānanti kenaṭaṭhena udānaṃ? udānaṭṭhena. Kimidaṃ udānaṃ nāma? Pītivegasamuṭṭhāpito udāhāro. Yathā hi yaṃ telādi minitabbavatthu pamāṇaṃ 2- gahetuṃ na sakkoti, vissanditvā gacchati. Taṃ "avaseko"ti vuccati. Yañca jalaṃ taḷākaṃ gahetuṃ na sakkoti, ajjhottharitvā gacchati, taṃ "ogho"ti vuccati. Evameva yaṃ pītivegasamuṭṭhāpitaṃ vitakkavipphāraṃ antohadayaṃ sandhāretuṃ na sakkoti, so adhiko hutvā anto asaṇṭhahitvā bahi vacīdvārena nikkhanto paṭiggāhakanirapekkho udāhāraviseso "udānan"ti vuccati. Dhammasaṃvegavasenapi ayamākāro labbhateva. @Footnote: 1 ka. avalambiya 2 Ma. nāḷiṃ, cha. mānaṃ

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page3.

Tayidaṃ katthaci gāthābandhavasena katthaci vākyavasena pavattaṃ. Yampana aṭṭhakathāsu "somanassañāṇamayikagāthāpaṭisaṃyuttā"ti udānalakkhaṇaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ yebhuyyavasena vuttaṃ. Yebhuyyena hi udānaṃ gāthābandhavasena bhāsitaṃ pītisomanassa- samuṭṭhāpitañca. Itarampi pana "atthi bhikkhave tadāyatanaṃ, yattha neva paṭhavī na āpo"tiādīsu 1- "sukhakāmāni bhūtāni, yo daṇḍena vihiṃsatī"ti 2- "sace bhāyatha dukkhassa, sace vo dukkhamappiyan"ti 3- evamādīsu ca labbhati. Evaṃ tayidaṃ 4- sabbaññubuddhabhāsitaṃ paccekabuddhabhāsitaṃ sāvakabhāsitanti tividhaṃ hoti. Tattha paccekabuddhabhāsitaṃ "sabbesu bhūtesu nidhāya daṇḍaṃ, aviheṭhayaṃ 5- aññatarampi tesan"tiādinā 6- khaggavisāṇasutte āgatameva. Sāvakabhāsitānipi:- "sabbo rāgo pahīno me sabbo doso samūhato sabbo me vihato moho sītibhūtosmi nibbuto"ti- ādinā 7- theragāthāsu:- "kāyena saṃvutā āsiṃ vācāya uda cetasā samūlaṃ taṇhaṃ abbuyha sītibhūtāsmi nibbutā"ti- ādinā 8- therīgāthāsu ca āgatāni. Tāni pana tesaṃ therānañceva therīnañca na kevalaṃ udānāni eva, athakho sīhanādāpi honti. Sakkādīhi devehi bhāsitāni "aho dānaṃ paramadānaṃ, kassape suppatiṭṭhitan"tiādīni, 9- soṇadaṇḍabrāhmaṇādīhi 10- manussehi ca bhāsitāni "namo tassa bhagavato"tiādīni 11- tisso saṅgītiyo ārūḷhāni udānāni santi eva, na tāni idhādhippetāni. Yāni pana @Footnote: 1 khu.u. 25/71/212 2 khu.dha. 25/131/40 @3 khu.u. 25/44/163 4 Sī.,ka. evamādi tayidaṃ @5 ka. aheṭhayaṃ 6 khu.su. 25/35/342, khu. cūḷa. 30/663/317 (syā) @7 khu. thera. 26/79/277 8 khu. therī. 26/15/434 @9 khu.u. 25/27/132 10 cha.Ma. ārāmadaṇḍa... 11 aṅ. duka. 20/38/65

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page4.

Sammāsambuddhena sāmamāhacca bhāsitāni jinavacanabhūtāni, yāni sandhāya bhagavatā pariyattidhammaṃ navadhā vibhajitvā uddisantena udānanti vuttāni, tāneva dhammasaṅgāhakehi "udānan"ti saṅgītanti tadevettha saṃvaṇṇetabbabhāvena gahitaṃ. Yā pana "anekajātisaṃsāran"tiādigāthāya dīpitā bhagavatā bodhimūle udānavasena pavattitā anekasatasahassānaṃ sammāsambuddhānaṃ avijahitaudānagāthā ca, etā aparabhāge pana dhammabhaṇḍāgārikassa bhagavatā desitattā dhammasaṅgāhakehi udānapāḷiyaṃ saṅgahaṃ anāropetvā dhammapade saṅgītā. Yañca "aññāsi vata bho koṇḍañño, aññāsi vata bho koṇḍañño"ti 1- udānavacanaṃ dasasahassilokadhātuyā devamanussānaṃ pavedanasamatthanigghosavipphāraṃ bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ, tadapi dhammacakkap- pavattanasuttantadesanāpariyosāne attanā adhigatadhammekadesassa yathādesitassa ariyamaggassa sāvakesu sabbapaṭhamaṃ therena adhigatattā attano parissamasasa saphalabhāvapaccavekkhaṇahetukaṃ paṭhamabodhiyaṃ sabbesaṃ eva bhikkhūnaṃ sammāpaṭipatti- paccavekkhaṇahetukaṃ "ārādhayiṃsu vata maṃ bhikkhū ekaṃ samayan"tiādivacanaṃ 2- viya pītisomanassajanitaṃ udāhāramattaṃ, "yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā"tiādivacanaṃ 3- viya pavattiyā nivattiyā vā na pakāsananti na dhammasaṅgāhakehi udānapāḷiyaṃ saṅgītanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tampanetaṃ udānaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ suttantapiṭakaṃ abhidhammapiṭakanti tīsu piṭakesu suttantapiṭakapariyāpannaṃ, dīghanikāyo majjhimanikāyo saṃyuttanikāyo aṅguttaranikāyo khuddakanikāyoti pañcasu nikāyesu khuddakanikāyapariyāpannaṃ, suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthā udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallanti navasu sāsanaṅgesu udānasaṅgahaṃ. 4- @Footnote: 1 vi. mahā. 4/17/16, saṃ.mahā. 19/1081/370, @khu.paṭi. 31/39/372 2 Ma.mū. 12/225/189 3 vi. mahā. 4/1-3/2,3, @khu.u. 25/1/94 4 Sī. udānaṅgaṃ

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page5.

"dvāsīti buddhato gaṇhiṃ dve sahassāni bhikkhuto caturāsītisahassāni ye me dhammā pavattino"ti 1- evaṃ dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena paṭiññātesu caturāsītiyā dhammakkhandhasahassesu katipaya- dhammakkhandhasaṅgahaṃ. Bodhivaggo muccalindavaggo nandavaggo meghiyavaggo soṇavaggo 2- jaccandhavaggo cūḷavaggo pāṭaligāmiyavaggoti vaggato aṭṭhavaggaṃ, suttato asītisuttasaṅgahaṃ, gāthāto pañcanavutiudānagāthāsaṅgahaṃ. Bhāṇavārato aḍḍhūnanavamattā 3- bhāṇavāRā. Anusandhito bodhisutte pucchānusandhivasena eko anusandhi, suppabuddhasutte 4- pucchānusandhiyathānusandhivasena dve anusandhī, sesesu yathānusandhivasena ekekova anusandhi, ajjhāsayānusandhi panettha natthi. Evaṃ sabbathāpi ekāsītianusandhisaṅgahaṃ. Padato satādhikāni ekavīsa padasahassāni, gāthāpādato tevīsati catussatādhikāni aṭṭhasahassāni, akkharato sattasahassādhikāni saṭṭhisahassāni tīṇi ca satāni dvāsīti ca akkharāni. Tenetaṃ vuccati:- "asīti eva suttantā vaggā aṭṭha samāsato gāthā ca pañcanavuti udānassa pakāsitā. Aḍḍhūnanavamattā ca bhāṇavārā pamāṇato ekādhikā tathāsīti udānassānusandhiyo. Ekavīsasahassāni satañceva vicakkhaṇo padānetānudānassa gaṇitāni viniddise. Gāthāpādato pana:- aṭṭhasahassamattāni cattāreva satāni ca pādānetānudānassa tevīsati ca niddise. @Footnote: 1 khu.thera. 26/1027/399 2 ka. mahāvaggo @3 Ma. aḍḍhanavamattā 4 cha.Ma. suppavāsāsutte

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page6.

Akkharānaṃ sahassāni saṭṭhī satta satāni ca tīṇi dvāsīti ca tathā udānassa paveditā"ti. Tassa aṭṭhasu vaggesu bodhivaggo ādi, suttesu paṭhamaṃ bodhisuttaṃ, tassāpi evamme sutantiādikaṃ āyasmatā ānandena paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle vuttanidānamādi. Sā panāyaṃ paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti vinayapiṭake 1- tantimārūḷhā eva. Yo panettha nidānakosallatthaṃ vattabbo kathāmaggo sopi sumaṅgalavilāsiniyaṃ dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vutto evāti tattha vuttanayeneva veditabbo. ------------- @Footnote: 1 vi. cūḷa. 7/437/274

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page7.

1. Bodhivagga 1. Paṭhamabodhisuttavaṇṇanā [1] Yampanettha "evamme sutan"tiādikaṃ nidānaṃ, tattha evanti nipātapadaṃ. Metiādīni nāmapadāni. Uruvelāyaṃ viharatīti ettha vīti upasaggapadaṃ, haratīti ākhyātapadanti imināva nayena sabbattha padavibhāgo veditabbo. Atthato pana evaṃsaddo tāva upamūpadesasampahaṃsanagarahaṇa- vacanasampaṭiggahākāranidassanāvadhāraṇapucchāidamatthaparimāṇādi anekatthappabhedo. Tathāhesa "evaṃ jātena maccena, kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ bahun"ti evamādīsu 1- upamāyaṃ āgato. "evante abhikkamitabbaṃ, evante paṭikkamitabban"tiādīsu 2- upadese. "evametaṃ bhagavā, evametaṃ sugatā"tiādīsu 3- sampahaṃsane. "evamevaṃ panāyaṃ vasalī yasmiṃ vā tasmiṃ vā tassa muṇḍakassa samaṇakassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsatī"tiādīsu 4- garahaṇe. "evambhanteti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosun"tiādīsu 5- vacanasampaṭiggahe. "evaṃ byā kho ahaṃ bhante bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmī"tiādīsu 6- ākāre. "ehi tvaṃ māṇavaka yena samaṇo ānando tenupasaṅkama, upasaṅkamitvā mama vacanena samaṇaṃ ānandaṃ appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ puccha `subho māṇavo todeyyaputto bhavantaṃ ānandaṃ appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ pucchatī'ti, evañca vadehi `sādhu kira bhavaṃ ānando yena subhassa māṇavassa todeyyaputtassa nivesanaṃ, tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā"tiādīsu 7- nidassane. "taṃ kiṃ maññatha kālāmā ime dhammā kusalā vā akusalā vāti. Akusalā bhante. @Footnote: 1 khu.dha. 25/53/26 2 aṅa.catukka. 21/122/140 3 aṅa.tika. 20/66/188 @4 saṃ.sa. 15/187/192 5 dī.mahā. 10/3/2, Ma.mū. 12//1/1 @6 Ma.mū. 12/398/356, vi. mahāvi. 2/417/306 7 dī.Sī. 9/445/197

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page8.

Sāvajjā vā anavajjā vāta. Sāvajjā bhante. Viññugarahitā vā viññuppasatthā vāti. Viññūgarahitā bhante. Samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti, no vā, kathaṃ vo ettha hotīti. Samattā bhante samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti, evaṃ no ettha hotī"tiādīsu 1- avadhāraṇe. "evamete sunhātā suvilittā kappitakesamassū āmuttamālābharaṇā"tiādīsu 2- pucchāyaṃ. "evaṃgatāni puthusippāyatanāni 3- evaṃvidho evamākāro"tiādīsu 4- idaṃsaddassa atthe. Gatasaddo hi pakārapariyāyo, tathā vidhākārasaddā. Tathāhi vidhayuttagatasadde lokiyā pakāratthe vadanti. "evaṃ lahuparivattaṃ evamāyupariyanto"tiādīsu 5- parimāṇe. Nanu ca "evaṃ vitakkitaṃ no tumhehi, evamāyupariyanto"ti 6- cettha evaṃsaddena pucchanākāraparimāṇākārānaṃ vuttattā ākārattho eva evaṃsaddoti na, visesa- sabbhāvato. Ākāramattavācako hettha evaṃsaddo ākāratthoti adhippeto. "evaṃ byā kho"tiādīsu pana ākāravisesavacano. Ākāravisesavācino cete evaṃsaddā pucchanākāraparimāṇākārānaṃvācakattā. Evañca katvā "evaṃ jātena maccenā"tiādīni upamānaudāharaṇāni yujjanti. Tattha hi:- "yathāpi puppharāsimhā kayirā mālāguṇe bahū evaṃ jātena maccena kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ bahun"ti ettha puppharāsiṭṭhānīyato manussuppatti sappurisūpanissaya- saddhammassavanayonisomanasikārabhogasampattiādito dānādipuññakiriyāhetusamudāyato sobhāsugandhatādiguṇavisesayogato mālāguṇasadisiyo 7- bahukā puññakiriyā maritabbasabhāvatāya maccena kattabbāti abhedatāya pupphārāsi mālāguṇā ca apumā, tesaṃ upamānākāro @Footnote: 1 aṅa.tika. 20/66/185 2 dī.Sī. 9/286/103 3 dī.Sī. 9/182/60 @4 vi.mahāvi. 1/12/5, dī.Sī. 9/31/13 5 aṅa.ekaka. 20/48/9, dī.Sī. 9/31/13 @6 vi.mahāvi. 1/12/5, dī.Sī. 9/31/13 7 sa. mālāguṇasadisatāyogato

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page9.

Yathāsaddena aniyamato vutto. Puna evaṃsaddena niyamanavasena vutto, so pana upamākāro niyamiyamāno atthato upamā eva hotīti vuttaṃ "upamāyaṃ āgato"ti. Tathā "evaṃ iminā ākārena abhikkamitabban"tiādinā upadisiyamānāya samaṇasāruppāya ākappasampattiyā yo tattha upadesākāro, so atthato upadesoyevāti vuttaṃ "evante abhikkamitabbaṃ, evante paṭikkamitabbantiādīsu upadese"ti. "evametaṃ bhagavā, evametaṃ sugatā"ti ettha bhagavatā yathāvuttamatthaṃ aviparītato jānantehi kataṃ yaṃ tattha vijjamānaguṇānaṃ pakārehi haṃsanaṃ udaggatākaraṇaṃ sampahaṃsanaṃ, so tattha pahaṃsanākāroti vuttanayena yojetabbaṃ. "evamevaṃ panāyan"ti ettha garahaṇākāroti vuttanayena yojetabbaṃ. So ca garahaṇākāro "vasalī"tiādikhuṃsanasaddasannidhānato 1- idha evaṃsaddena pakāsitoti viññāyati. Yathā cettha, evaṃ upamā kārādayopi upamādivasena vuttānaṃ puppharāsiādisaddānaṃ sannidhānato vuttāti veditabbaṃ. "evañca vadehī"ti yathāhaṃ vadāmi, evaṃ samaṇamānandaṃ vadehīti vadanākāro idāni vattabbo evaṃsaddena nidassiyatīti "nidassanattho"ti vuttaṃ. "evaṃ no"ti etthāpi tesaṃ yathāvuttadhammānaṃ ahitadukakhāvahabhāvena sanniṭṭhānajananatthaṃ anumatiggahaṇavasena "no vā kathaṃ vo ettha hotī"ti pucchāya katāya "evaṃ no ettha hotī"ti vuttattā tadākārasanniṭṭhānaṃ evaṃsaddena āvikataṃ. So pana tesaṃ dhammānaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanākāro niyamiyamāno avadhāraṇattho hotīti vuttaṃ "evaṃ no ettha hotītiādīsu avadhāraṇe"ti. Evamākāravisesavācīnampi etesaṃ evaṃsaddānaṃ upamādivisesatthavuttitāya upamādiatthatā vuttā, "evambhante"ti pana dhammassa sādhukaṃ savanamanasikāre @Footnote: 1 Sī.,Ma. vasalītiādīsu vasalasaddasannidhānato

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page10.

Niyojitehi bhikkhūhi tattha patiṭṭhitabhāvassa paṭijānanavasena vuttattā tattha evaṃsaddo vacanasampaṭiggahattho, tena evambhanteti sādhu bhante, suṭṭhu bhanteti vuttaṃ hoti. Svāyamidha ākāranidassanāvadhāraṇesu daṭṭhabbo. Tattha ākāratthena evaṃsaddena etamatthaṃ dīpeti:- nānānayanipuṇamanekajjhāsayasamuṭṭhānaṃ atthabyañjanasampannaṃ vividhapāṭihāriyaṃ dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhagambhīraṃ sabbasattānaṃ sakasakabhāsānurūpato sotapathamāgacchantaṃ tassa bhagavato vacanaṃ sabbappakārena ko samattho viññātuṃ, sabbathāmena pana sotukāmataṃ janetvāpi evamme sutaṃ, mayāpi ekenākārena sutanti. Ettha ca ekattanānattaabyāpāraevaṃdhammatāsaṅkhātā nandiyāvattatipukkhala- sīhavikkīḷitadisālocanaaṅkusasaṅkhātā ca assādādivisayādibhedena 1- nānāvidhā nayā nānānayā. Nayā vā pāḷigatiyo, tā ca paññattianupaññattiādivasena saṅkilesabhāgiyādilokiyāditadubhayavomissakādivasena 2- kusalādivasena khandhādivasena saṅgahādivasena samayavimuttādivasena ṭhapanādivasena kusalamūlādivasena tikapaṭṭhānādivasena ca nānappakārāti nānānayā, tehi nipuṇaṃ saṇhaṃ sukhumanti nānānayanipuṇaṃ. Āsayova ajjhāsayo, so ca sassatādibhedena 3- apparajakkhatādibhedena ca anekavidho. Attajjhāsayādiko eva 4- vā aneko ajjhāsayo anekajjhāsayo, so samuṭṭhānaṃ uppattihetu etassāti anekajjhāsayasamuṭṭhānaṃ. Sīlādiatthasampattiyā tabbibhāvanabyañjanasampattiyā saṅkāsanapakāsanavivaraṇa- vibhajanauttānīkaraṇapaññattivasena chahi atthapadehi akkharapadabyañjanākāranirutti- niddesavasena chahi byañjanapadehi ca samannāgatattā atthabyañjanasampannaṃ. Iddhiādesanānusāsanībhedena tesu ca ekekassa visayādibhedena vividhaṃ, bahuvidhaṃ vā pāṭihāriyaṃ etassāti vividhapāṭihāriyaṃ. Tattha paṭipakkhaharaṇato @Footnote: 1 ka. visayādibhedena 2 ka. vomissatādivasena @3 Sī. sovacassatādibhedena 4 Sī. gattajjhāsayādito

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page11.

Rāgādikilesāpanayanato 1- pāṭihāriyanti atthe sati bhagavato na paṭipakkhā rāgādayo santi ye haritabbā. Puthujjanānampi vigatūpakkilese aṭṭhaguṇasamannāgate citte hatapaṭipakkhe iddhividhaṃ pavattati, tasmā tattha pavattavohārena ca na sakkā idha pāṭihāriyanti vattuṃ. Sace pana mahākāruṇikassa bhagavato veneyyagatā ca kilesā paṭipakkhā, tesampi 2- haraṇato pāṭihāriyanti vuttaṃ, evaṃ sati yuttametaṃ. Athavā bhagavato ceva sāsanassa ca paṭipakkhā titthiyā, tesaṃ haraṇato pāṭihāriyaṃ. Te hi diṭṭhiharaṇavasena diṭṭhippakāsane asamatthabhāvena ca iddhiādesanānusāsanīhi haritā apanītā honti. Paṭīti vā ayaṃ saddo pacchāti etassa atthaṃ bodheti "tasmiṃ paṭipaviṭṭhamhi, añño āgañchi brāhmaṇo"tiādīsu 3- viya. Tasmā samāhite citte vigatūpakkilese katakiccena pacchā haritabbaṃ pavattetabbanti paṭihāriyaṃ. Attano vā upakkilesesu catutthajjhānamaggehi haritesu pacchā haraṇaṃ paṭihāriyaṃ. Iddhiādesanānusāsaniyo vigatūpakkilesena katakiccena sattahitatthaṃ puna pavattetabbā, haritesu ca attano upakkilesesu parasantānaṃ 4- upakkilesaharaṇāni hontīti paṭihāriyāni bhavanti. Paṭihāriyameva pāṭihāriyaṃ, paṭihāriye vā iddhiādesanānu- sāsanīsamudāye bhavaṃ ekekaṃ pāṭihāriyanti vuccati. Paṭihāriyaṃ vā catutthajjhānaṃ maggo ca paṭipakkhaharaṇato, tattha jātaṃ, nimittabhūtato 5- tato vā āgatanti pāṭihāriyanti attho veditabbo. Yasmā pana tantiatthadesanā 6- tabbohārābhisamayasaṅkhātā hetuhetuphalatadubhaya- paññattipaṭivedhasaṅkhātā vā dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhagambhīRā. Sasādīhi viya mahāsamuddo anupacitakusalasambhārehi alabbhanīyapatiṭṭhā duppariyogāhā ca, tasmā tehi catūhi gambhīrabhāvehi yuttanti bhagavato vacanaṃ dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhagambhīraṃ. @Footnote: 1 Sī. rāgādikilesanāsanato 2 cha.Ma. tesaṃ @3 khu.cūḷa. 30/4/1 (syā) 4 Sī.,ka. parasattāne @5 Ma..ka. tasmiṃ vā nimittabhūtaṃ 6 Ma. tantitantiatthatantidesanā

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page12.

Eko eva bhagavato dhammadesanāghoso ekasmiṃ khaṇe pavattamāno nānābhāsānaṃ sattānaṃ attano attano bhāsāvasena apubbaṃ acarimaṃ gahaṇūpago hoti. Acinteyyo hi buddhānaṃ buddhānubhāvoti sabbasattānaṃ sakasakabhāsānurūpato sotapathaṃ āgacchatīti veditabbaṃ. Nidassanatthena "nāhaṃ sayambhū, na mayā idaṃ sacchikatan"ti attānaṃ parimocento "evamme sutaṃ, mayāpi evaṃ sutan"ti idāni vattabbaṃ sakalaṃ suttaṃ nidasseti. Avadhāraṇatthena "etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahussutānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando, gatimantānaṃ, satimantānaṃ, dhitimantānaṃ, upaṭṭhākānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando"ti 1- evaṃ bhagavatā, "āyasmā ānando atthakusalo dhammakusalo byañjanakusalo niruttikusalo pubbāparakusalo"ti 2- evaṃ dhammasenāpatinā ca pasatthabhāvānurūpaṃ attano dhāraṇabalaṃ dassento sattānaṃ sotukāmataṃ janeti "evamme sutaṃ, tañca kho atthato vā byañjanato vā anūnamanadhikaṃ, evameva, na aññathā daṭṭhabban"ti. Aññathāti bhagavato sammukhā sutākārato aññathā, na pana bhagavatā desitākārato. Acinteyyānubhāvā hi bhagavato desanā, sā neva sabbākārena sakkā viññātunti vuttovāyamattho. Sutākārāvirujjhanameva hi dhāraṇabalaṃ. Mesaddo tīsu atthesu dissati. Tathā hissa "gāthābhigītaṃ me abhojaneyyana"tiādīsu 3- mayāti attho. "sādhu me bhante bhagavā saṅkhittena dhammaṃ desetū"tiādīsu 4- mayhanti attho. "dhammadāyādā me bhikkhave bhavathā"tiādīsu 5- mamāti attho. Idha pana 6- "mayā sutanti ca mama sutan"ti ca 6- atthadvaye yujjati. @Footnote: 1 aṅa.ekaka. 20/219-23/25 2 aṅa.pañcaka 22/169/225 (syā) @3 saṃ.sa. 15/194/200, khu.su. 25/81/351 4 saṃ.saḷā. 18/112/75 (syā) @5 Ma.mū. 12/29/17 6-6cha.Ma. "mayā sutaṃ, mama sutan"ti ca, su.vi. 1/1/28

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page13.

Ettha ca yo paro na hoti, so attāti evaṃ vattabbe niyakajjhattasaṅkhāte sasantāne vattanato tividhopi mesaddo kiñcāpi ekasmiṃyeva atthe dissati, karaṇasampadānādivisesasaṅkhāto pana viññāyatevāyaṃ atthabhedoti "mesaddo tīsu atthesu dissatī"ti vuttoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sutanti ayaṃ sutasaddo saupasaggo ca anupasaggo ca gamanavissuta- kilinnūpacitānuyogasotaviññeyyasotadvārānusāraviññātādianekatthappabhedo. Kiñcāpi hi upasaggo kiriyaṃ viseseti, jotakabhāvato pana satipi tasmiṃ sutasaddo eva taṃ tamatthaṃ 1- vadatīti anupasaggassa sutasaddassa atthuddhāre saupasaggassa gahaṇaṃ na virujjhati. Tattha "senāya pasuto"tiādīsu gacchantoti attho. Sutadhammassa passato"tiādīsu 2- vissutadhammassāti attho. "avassutā avassutassā"tiādīsu 3- kilesena kilinnā kilinnassāti attho. "tumhehi puññaṃ pasutaṃ anappakan"tiādīsu 4- upacitanti attho. "ye jhānappasutā dhīrā"tiādīsu 5- jhānānuyuttāti attho. "diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutan"tiādīsu 6- sotaviññeyyanti attho. "sutadharo sutasannicayo"ti- ādīsu 7- sotadvārānusāraviññātadharoti attho. Idha panassa "sotadvārānusārena upadhāritan"ti vā "upadhāraṇan"ti vā attho. Mesaddassa hi mayāti atthe sati "evaṃ mayā sutaṃ sotadvārānusārena upadhāritan"ti yujjati. Mamāti atthe sati "evaṃ mama sutaṃ sotadvārānusārena upadhāraṇan"ti yujjati. Evametesu tīsu padesu yasmā sutasaddasannidhāne payuttena evaṃsaddena savanakiriyājotakena bhavitabbaṃ. Tasmā evanti @Footnote: 1 Sī. sutasaddo evamatthaṃ, ka. sutasaddo etamatthaṃ @2 vi.mahā.4/5/5, khu.u. 25/11/105 @3 vi.bhikakhunī. 3/657/4, vi.pa. 8/228, 246, 249 ādi/157, 178, 185 @4 khu.khu. 25/7(12)/11, khu.peta. 26/25/154 @5 khu.dha. 25/181/4 6 Ma.mū. 12/241/203 @7 Ma.mū. 12/333, 339/298, 301, aṅa.catukka. 21/22/26

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page14.

Sotaviññāṇasampaṭicchanādisotadvārikaviññāṇānantaraṃ uppannamanodvārikaviññāṇāna- kiccanidassanaṃ. Meti vuttaviññāṇasamaṅgipuggalanidassanaṃ. Sabbāni hi vākyāni eva- kāratthasahitāniyeva avadhāraṇaphalattā tesaṃ. Sutanti assavanabhāvapaṭikkhepato anūnānadhikā- viparītaggahaṇanidassanaṃ. Yathā hi sutaṃ sutamevāti vattabbataṃ arahati, tathā taṃ sammā sutaṃ anūnaggahaṇaṃ anadhikaggahaṇaṃ aviparītaggahaṇañca hotīti. Athavā saddantaratthā- mohanavasena saddo atthaṃ vadatīti etasmiṃ pakkhe yasmā sutanti etassa asutaṃ na hotīti ayamattho vutto, tasmā sutanti assavanabhāvapaṭikkhepato anūnānadhikāviparītaggahaṇanidassanaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti:- evaṃ me sutaṃ, na mayā idaṃ diṭṭhaṃ, na sayambhūñāṇena sacchikataṃ, na aññathā vā upaladdhaṃ. Apica sutaṃva, tañca kho sammadevāti. Avadhāraṇatthe vā evaṃsadde ayamatthayojanā, tadapekkhassa sutasaddassa niyamattho sambhavatīti tadapekkhassa sutasaddassa assavanabhāvapaṭikkhepo anūnānadhikāviparītaggahaṇanidassanatā ca veditabbā. Iti savanahetusavanavisesavasenapi sutasaddassa atthayojanā katāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tathā evanti tassā sotadvārānusārena pavattāya viññāṇavīthiyā nānatthabyañjanaggahaṇato nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattibhāvappakāsanaṃ ākārattho evaṃsaddoti karitvā. Meti attappakāsanaṃ. Sutanti dhammappakāsanaṃ yathāvuttāya viññāṇavīthiyā pariyattidhammārammaṇattā. Ayaṃ hettha saṅkhepo:- nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattāya viññāṇavīthiyā karaṇabhūtāya mayā na aññaṃ kataṃ, idaṃ pana kataṃ, ayaṃ dhammo sutoti. Tathā evanti nidassitabbappakāsanaṃ nidassanattho evaṃsaddoti katvā nidassetabbassa niddisitabbabhāvato. Tasmā evaṃsaddena sakalampi suttaṃ paccāmaṭṭhanti veditabbaṃ. Meti puggalappakāsanaṃ. Sutanti puggalakiccappakāsanaṃ.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page15.

Sutasaddena hi labbhamānā savanakiriyā savanaviññāṇappabandhappaṭibaddhā, 1- tattha ca puggalavohāro, na ca puggalavohārarahite dhammappabandhe savanakiriyā labbhati. 2- Tassāyaṃ saṅkhepattho:- yaṃ suttaṃ niddisissāmi, taṃ mayā evaṃ sutanti. Tathā evanti yassa cittasantānassa nānārammaṇappavattiyā nānatthabyañjanaggahaṇaṃ hoti, tassa nānākāraniddeso ākārattho eva evaṃsaddoti katvā, evanti hi ayaṃ ākārapaññatti dhammānaṃ taṃ pavattiākāraṃ upādāya paññapetabbasabhāvattā. Meti kattuniddeso. Sutanti visayaniddeso, sotabbo hi dhammo savanakiriyākattupuggalassa savanakiriyāvasena pavattiṭṭhānaṃ hoti. Ettāvatā nānappakārappavattena cittasantānena taṃsamaṅgino kattu visaye gahaṇasanniṭṭhānaṃ dassitaṃ hoti. Athavā evanti puggalakiccaniddeso, sutānaṃ hi dhammānaṃ gahitākārassa 3- nidassanassa avadhāraṇassa vā pakāsanasabhāvena evaṃsaddena tadākārādidhāraṇassa 4- puggalavohārupādānadhammabyāpārabhāvato puggalakiccaṃ nāma niddiṭṭhaṃ hotīti: sutanti viññāṇakiccaniddeso, puggalavādinopi hi savanakiriyā viññāṇanirapekkhā na hotīti. Meti ubhayakiccayuttapuggalaniddeso. Meti hi saddappavatti ekanteneva sattavisesavisayā viññāṇakiccañca tattheva samodahitabbanti. Ayampanettha saṅkhepo:- mayā savanakiccaviññāṇasamaṅginā puggalena viññāṇavasena laddhasavanakiccavohārena sutanti. Tathā evanti ca meti ca sacchikaṭṭhaparamatthavasena 5- avijjamānapaññatti. Sabbassa hi saddādhigamanīyassa atthassa paññattimukheneva paṭipajjitabbattā @Footnote: 1 ka. savanaviññāṇapaṭibaddhā 2 Sī. labbhatīti 3 Sī. ṭhitākārassa, Ma. hitākārassa @4 Sī.Ma..... dhāraṇāya 5 cha.Ma. saccikatthaparamatthavasena, su.vi. 1/1/29

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page16.

Sabbapaññattīnañca vijjamānādīsu chasu paññattīsu avarodho, tasmā yo māyāmarīciādayo viya abhūtattho anussavādīhi gahetabbo viya anuttamatthopi 1- na hoti, so rūpasaddādiko 2- ruppanānubhavanādiko ca paramatthasabhāvo sacchikaṭṭhaparamatthavasena vijjati. Yo pana evanti ca meti ca vuccamāno ākāraattho, so aparamatthasabhāvo sacchikaṭṭhaparamatthavasena anupalabbhamāno avijjamānapaññatti nāma. Tasmā kiñhettha taṃ paramatthato atthi, yaṃ evanti vā meti vā niddesaṃ labhetha. Sutanti vijjamānapaññatti, yaṃ hi taṃ ettha sotena upaladdhaṃ, taṃ paramatthato vijjamānanti. Tathā evanti sotapathamāgate dhamme upādāya tesaṃ upadhāritākārādīnaṃ paccāmasanavasena. Meti sasantatipariyāpanne khandhe karaṇādivisesavisiṭṭhe upādāya vattabbato upādāpaññatti. Sutanti diṭṭhādīni upanidhāya vattabbato upanidhāpaññatti. Diṭṭhādisabhāvarahite saddāyatane pavattamānopi sutavohāro dutiyaṃ tatiyantiādiko viya paṭhamādīni, diṭṭhamutaviññāte apekkhitvā yanti 3- āñeyyattā diṭṭhādīni upanidhāya vattabbo hoti. Asutaṃ na hotīti hi sutanti pakāsitoyamatthoti. Ettha ca evanti vacanena asammohaṃ dīpeti. Paṭividdhā hi attanā sutassa pakāravisesā evanti idha āyasmatā ānandena paccāmaṭṭhā, tenassa asammoho dīpito hoti. Na hi sammūḷho nānappakārapaṭivedhasamattho hoti, paccayākāravasena nānappakārā duppaṭividdhā ca sutanti niddisiyanti. 4- Sutanti vacanena sutassa asammosaṃ dīpeti, sutākārassa yāthāvato dassiyamānattā. Yassa hi sutaṃ sammuṭṭhaṃ hoti, na so kālantare mayā sutanti paṭijānāti. Iccassa asammohena @Footnote: 1 Sī. anumānatthopi 2 Sī. ruppādiko, Ma. rūpavedanādiko @3 ka. diṭṭhamutaviññātanirapekkhaṃ na taṃ sutanti @4 Sī. suttantāti dīpiyanti, Ma. sutatthā niddisiyanti

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page17.

Paññāsiddhi, sammohābhāvena paññāya eva vā savanakālasambhūtāya taduttarikālapaññāsiddhi, tathā asammosena satisiddhi. Tattha paññāpubbaṅgamāya satiyā byañjanāvadhāraṇasamatthatā. Byañjanānaṃ hi paṭivijjhitabbo ākāro nātigambhīro, yathāsutaṃ dhāraṇameva tattha karaṇīyanti satiyā byāpāro adhiko, paññā tattha guṇībhūtā hoti paññāya pubbaṅgamāti katvā. Satipubbaṅgamāya paññāya atthapaṭivedhasamatthatā. Atthassa hi paṭivijjhitabbo ākāro gambhīroti paññāya byāpāro adhiko, sati tattha guṇībhūtāyevāti satiyā pubbaṅgamāyāti katvā. Tadubhayasamatthatāyogena atthabyañjanasampannassa dhammakosassa anupālanasamatthatāya dhammabhaṇḍāgārikattasiddhi. Aparo nayo:- evanti vacanena yonisomanasikāraṃ dīpeti, tena ca vuccamānānaṃ ākāranidassanāvadhāraṇatthānaṃ upari vakkhamānānaṃ nānappakārapaṭivedhajotakānaṃ aviparītasiddhi dhammavisayattā. Na hi ayoniso manasikaroto nānappakārapaṭivedho sambhavati. Sutanti vacanena avikkhepaṃ dīpeti, "paṭhamabodhisuttaṃ kattha bhāsitan"tiādipucchāvasena pakaraṇapattassa vakkhamānassa suttassa savanaṃ samādhānamantarena na sambhavati vikkhittacittassa savanābhāvato. Tathā hi vikkhittacitto puggalo sabbasampattiyā vuccamānopi "na mayā sutaṃ, puna bhaṇathā"ti bhaṇati. Yonisomanasikārena cettha attasammāpaṇidhiṃ pubbe ca katapuññataṃ sādheti sammā appaṇihitattassa pubbe akatapuññassa vā tadabhāvato. Avikkhepena saddhammassavanaṃ sappurisūpanissayañca sādheti assutavato sappurisūpanissayavirahitassa ca tadabhāvato. Na hi vikkhitto sotuṃ sakkoti, na ca sappurise anupanissayamānassa 1- savanaṃ atthīti. Aparo nayo:- "yassa cittasantānassa nānappakārappavattiyā nānatthabyañjanaggahaṇaṃ hoti, tassa nānākāraniddeso"ti vuttaṃ. Yasmā ca so bhagavato @Footnote: 1 Sī. sappurisaṃ anupanissāya

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page18.

Vacanassa atthabyañjanappabhedaparicchedavasena sakalasāsanasampattiogāhaṇena niravasesaṃ parahitapāripūrīkaraṇabhūto evaṃbhaddako ākāro na sammā appaṇihitattassa pubbe akatapuññassa vā hoti, tasmā evanti iminā bhaddakena ākārena pacchimacakkadvayasampattiṃ attano dīpeti, sutanti savanayogena purimacakkadvayasampattiṃ. Na hi appatirūpe dese vasato sappurisūpanissayavirahitassa ca savanaṃ atthi. Iccassa pacchimacakkadvayasiddhiyā āsayasuddhi siddhā hoti. Sammā paṇihitacitto pubbe ca katapuñño visuddhāsayo hoti tadasuddhihetūnaṃ kilesānaṃ dūrībhāvato. Tathā hi vuttaṃ "sammāpaṇihitaṃ cittaṃ, seyyaso naṃ tato kare"ti 1- "katapuññosi tvaṃ ānanda padhānamanuyuñja, khippaṃ hohisi anāsavo"ti 2- ca. Purimacakkadvayasiddhiyā payogasuddhi. Patirūpadesavāsena hi sappurisūpanissayena ca sādhūnaṃ diṭṭhānugatiāpajjanena parisuddhappayogo hoti. Tāya ca āsayasuddhiyā adhigamabyattisiddhi, pubbeyeva taṇhādiṭṭhisaṅkilesānaṃ visodhitattā payogasuddhiyā āgamabyattisiddhi. Suparisuddha- kāyavacīpayogo hi vippaṭisārābhāvato avikkhittacitto pariyattiyaṃ visārado hoti. Iti payogāsayasuddhassa āgamādhigamasampannassa vacanaṃ aruṇuggamanaṃ viya sūriyassa udayato yonisomanasikāro viya ca kusalakammassa arahati bhagavato vacanassa pubbaṅgamaṃ bhavitunti ṭhāne nidānaṃ ṭhapento evamme sutantiādimāha. Aparo nayo:- evanti iminā pubbe vuttanayeneva nānappakārap- paṭivedhadīpakena vacanena attano atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāsampattisabbhāvaṃ dīpeti. Sutanti iminā evaṃsaddasannidhānto vakkhamānāpekkhāya vā sotabbabhedappaṭivedhadīpakena dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāsampattisabbhāvaṃ dīpeti. Evanti ca idaṃ vuttanayeneva yoniso manasikāradīpakavacanaṃ bhāsamāno "ete dhammā mayā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā @Footnote: 1 khu.dha. 25/43/24 2 dī.mahā. 10/207/127

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page19.

Supaṭividdhā"ti dīpeti. Pariyattidhammo hi "idha sīlaṃ kathitaṃ, idha samādhi, idha paññā, ettakā ettha anusandhiyo"tiādinā nayena manasā anupekkhito anussavākāra- parivitakkasahitāya 1- dhammanijjhānakkhantibhūtāya ñātapariññāsaṅkhātāya vā diṭṭhiyā tattha tattha vuttarūpārūpadhamme "iti rūpaṃ ettakaṃ rūpan"tiādinā nayena suṭṭhu vavatthapetvā paṭividdho attano ca paresañca hitasukhāvaho hotīti. Sutanti idaṃ savanayogadīpakavacanaṃ bhāsamāno "bahū mayā dhammā sutā dhātā vacasā paricitā"ti dīpeti. Sotāvadhānappaṭibaddhā 2- hi pariyattidhammassa savanadhāraṇaparicayā. Tadubhayenapi dhammassa svākkhātabhāvena atthabyañjanapāripūriṃ dīpento savane ādaraṃ janeti. Atthabyañjanaparipuṇṇaṃ hi dhammaṃ ādarena assuṇanto mahatā hitā paribāhiro hotīti ādaraṃ janetvā sakkaccaṃ dhammo sotabbo. "evamme sutan"ti iminā pana sakalena vacanena āyasmā ānando tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammaṃ attano adahanto asappurisabhūmiṃ atikkamati, sāvakattaṃ paṭijānanto sappurisabhūmiṃ okkamati. Tathā asaddhammā cittaṃ vuṭṭhāpeti, saddhamme cittaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti. "kevalaṃ sutamevetaṃ mayā, tasseva pana bhagavato vacanan"ti dīpento attānaṃ parimoceti, satthāraṃ apadisati, jinavacanaṃ appeti, dhammanettiṃ patiṭṭhāpeti. Apica "evamme sutan"ti attanā uppāditabhāvaṃ appaṭijānanto purimassavanaṃ vivaranto "sammukhā paṭiggahitamidaṃ mayā tassa bhagavato catuvesārajjavisāradassa dasabaladharassa āsabhaṭṭhānaṭṭhāyino sīhanādanādino sabbasattuttamassa dhammissarassa dhammarājassa dhammādhipatino dhammadīpassa dhammasaraṇassa saddhammavaracakkavattino sammāsambuddhassa, na ettha atthe vā dhamme vā pade vā byañjane vā @Footnote: 1 Sī. anussavākāraparivitakkasaṃsiddhāya, ka. anussavākāraparivitakkapavaḍḍhitāya @2 Sī.,Ma. sotāvadhānapaṭividdhā

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page20.

Kaṅkhe vā vimati vā kattabbā"ti sabbadevamanussānaṃ imasmiṃ dhamme assaddhiyaṃ vināseti, saddhāsampadaṃ uppādeti. Tenetaṃ vuccati:- "vināsayati assaddhaṃ saddhaṃ vaḍḍheti sāsane evamme sutamiccevaṃ vadaṃ gotamasāvako"ti. Ekanti gaṇanaparicchedaniddeso. Ayaṃ hi ekasaddo aññaseṭṭhāsahāyasaṅkhyādīsu dissati. Tathā hi ayaṃ "sassato attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamaññanti ittheke abhivadantī"tiādīsu 1- aññe dissati. "cetaso ekodi bhāvan"tiādīsu 2- seṭṭhe. "eko vūpakaṭṭho"tiādīsu 3- asahāye. "ekova kho bhikkhave khaṇo ca samayo ca brahmacariyavāsāyā"tiādīsu 4- saṅkhyāyaṃ, idhāpi saṅkhyāyameva daṭṭhabbo. Tena vuttaṃ "ekanti gaṇanaparicchedaniddeso"ti. Samayanti paricchinnaniddeso. Ekaṃ samayanti aniyamitaparidīpanaṃ. Tattha samayasaddo:- samavāye khaṇe kāle samūhe hetudiṭṭhisu paṭilābhe pahāne ca paṭivedhe ca dissati. Tathā hissa "appevanāma svepi upasaṅkameyyāma kālañca samayañca upādāyā"ti 5- evamādīsu samavāyo attho, yuttakālañca paccayasāmaggiñca labhitvāti hi adhippāyo, tasmā paccayasamavāyoti veditabbo. "ekova kho bhikkhave khaṇo ca samayo ca brahmacariyavāsāyā"tiādīsu 4- khaṇo, okāsoti attho. Tathāgatuppādādiko hi maggabrahmacariyassa okāso tappaccayappaṭilābhahetuttā, khaṇo eva ca samayo, yo khaṇoti ca samayoti ca vuccati, so ekoyevāti hi attho. @Footnote: 1 Ma.u. 14/7/22, khu.u. 25/56/194 @2 vi. mahāvi. 1/11/5, dī.Sī. 9/228/75 @3 vi.cūḷa. 7/445/284, dī.Sī. 9/404/175 @4 aṅ. aṭṭhaka. 23/119(29)/230(syā) @5 dī.Sī. 9/447/197

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page21.

"uṇhasamayo pariḷāhasamayo"tiādīsu 1- kālo. "mahāsamayo pavanasmin"tiādīsu 2- samūho. Mahāsamayoti hi bhikkhūnaṃ devatānañca mahāsannipātoti attho. "samayopi kho te bhaddāli appaṭividdho ahosi, bhagavā kho sāvatthiyaṃ viharati, bhagavāpi maṃ jānissati `bhaddāli nāma bhikkhu satthusāsane sikkhāya na paripūrakārī'ti, ayampi kho te bhaddāli samayo appaṭividdho ahosī"tiādīsu 3- hetu. Sikkhāpadassa kāraṇaṃ hi idha samayoti adhippetaṃ. "tena kho pana samayena uggāhamāno paribbājako samaṇamuṇḍikāputto samayappavādake tindukācīre 4- ekasālake mallikāya ārāme paṭivasatī"tiādīsu 5- diṭṭhi. Tattha hi nisinnā titthiyā attano attano diṭṭhisaṅkhātaṃ samayaṃ pavadantīti so paribbājakārāmo "samayappavādako"ti vuccati. "diṭṭhe dhamme ca yo attho yo cattho samparāyiko atthābhisamayā dhīro paṇḍitoti pavuccatī"ti 6- ādīsu paṭilābho. Atthābhisamayāti hi atthassa adhigamāti attho. "sammā mānābhisamayā antamakāsi dukkhassā"tiādīsu 7- pahānaṃ. Adhikaraṇaṃ samayaṃ vūpasamanaṃ apagamoti abhisamayo pahānaṃ. "dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho saṅkhataṭṭho santāpaṭṭho vipariṇāmaṭṭho abhisamayaṭṭho"tiādīsu 8- paṭivedho. Paṭivedhoti hi abhisametabbato abhisamayo, abhisamayova attho abhisamayaṭṭhoti pīḷanādīni abhisametabbabhāvena ekībhāvaṃ upanetvā vuttāni, abhisamayassa vā paṭivedhassa visayabhūto attho abhisamayaṭṭhoti tāneva tathā ekantena vuttāni. Tattha pīḷanaṃ dukkhasaccassa 9- taṃsamaṅgino hiṃsanaṃ avipphārikatākaraṇaṃ. Santāpo dukkhadukkhatādivasena santappanaṃ paridahanaṃ. 10- @Footnote: 1 vi. mahāvi. 2/358/282 2 dī.mahā. 10/332/216, saṃ.sa. 15/37/29 @3 Ma.Ma. 13/134/111 4 ka. tiṇḍukācire @5 sa Ma.Ma. 13/260/234 6 saṃ.sa.15/128,129/104,101 @7 Ma.mū. 12/28, 221/16,186 8 khu.paṭi. 31/11/321 @9 Sī.,Ma. dukkhasaccasaṅkhātassa 10 Sī. paridahanaṃ vā, Ma. paritāpanaṃ vā

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page22.

Ettha ca sahakārīkāraṇasannijjhaṃ sameti samavetīti khaṇo samavāyo samayo. Sameti samāgacchati ettha maggabrahmacariyaṃ tadādhārapuggalehīti samayo, sameti ettha etena vā saṅgacchati satto sabhāvadhammo vā uppādādīhi sahajātādīhi vāti kālo samayo. Dhammappavattimattatāya atthato abhūtopi hi kālo dhammappavattiyā adhikaraṇaṃ karaṇaṃ viya ca kappanāmattasiddhenānurūpena voharīyatīti. Samaṃ saha vā avayavānaṃ ayanaṃ pavatti avaṭṭhānanti samūho samayo yathā samudāyoti. Avayavasahāvaṭṭhānameva hi samūho. Avasesapaccayānaṃ samāgame sati eti phalametasmā uppajjati pavattatīti samayo hetu yathā samudayoti. Sameti saṃyojanabhāvato sambandho eti attano visaye pavattati, daḷhaggahaṇabhāvato vā saṃyuttā ayanti pavattanti sattā yathābhinivesaṃ etenāti samayo diṭṭhi. Diṭṭhisaṃyojanena hi sattā ativiya bajjhantīti. Samiti saṅgati samodhānanti samayo paṭilābho. Samayanaṃ upasamayanaṃ apagamoti samayo pahānaṃ. Samucchedappahānabhāvato pana adhiko samayoti abhisamayo yathā abhidhammoti. Abhimukhaṃ ñāṇena sammā etabbo abhisametabboti abhisamayo, dhammānaṃ aviparītasabhāvo. Abhimukhabhāvena sammā eti gacchati bujjhatīti abhisamayo, dhammānaṃ yathābhūtasabhāvāvabodho. Evaṃ tasmiṃ tasmiṃ atthe samayasaddassa pavatti veditabbā. Samayasaddassa atthuddhāre abhisamayasaddassa gahaṇe kāraṇaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Idha panassa kālo attho samavāyādīnaṃ asambhavato. Desadesakaparisā viya hi desanāya nidānabhāve kālo eva 1- icchitabboti. Yasmā panettha samayoti kālo adhippeto, tasmā saṃvaccharautumāsaaḍḍhamāsarattidivasapubbaṇhamajjhanhikasāyaṇha- paṭhamayāmamajjhimayāmapacchimayāmamuhuttādīsu kālabhedabhūtesu samayesu ekaṃ samayanti dīpeti. @Footnote: 1 Sī.,Ma. kālotveva

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page23.

Kasmā panettha aniyamitavaseneva kālo niddiṭṭho, na utusaṃvaccharādivasena niyametvā niddiṭṭhoti ce? kiñcāpi etesu saṃvaccharādīsu samayesu yaṃ yaṃ suttaṃ yasmiṃ yasmiṃ saṃvacchare utumhi māse pakkhe rattibhāge divasabhāge vā vuttaṃ, sabbampi taṃ therassa suviditaṃ suvavatthāpitaṃ 1- paññāya. Yasmā pana "evamme sutaṃ asukasaṃvacchare asukamāse asukapakkhe asukarattibhāge asukadivasabhāge"ti evaṃ vutte na sakkā sukhena dhāretuṃ vā uddisituṃ vā uddisāpetuṃ vā, bahuṃ ca vattabbaṃ hoti, tasmā ekeneva padena tamatthaṃ 2- samodhānetvā "ekaṃ samayan"ti āha. Ye vā ime gabbhokkantisamayo jātisamayo saṃvegasamayo abhinikkhamanasamayo dukkarakārikasamayo māravijayasamayo abhisambodhisamayo diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasamayo desanāsamayo parinibbānasamayoti evamādayo bhagavato devamanussesu ativiya pakāsā anekakālappabhedā eva samayā, tesu samayesu desanāsamayasaṅkhātaṃ ekaṃ samayanti dīpeti. Yo vāyaṃ ñāṇakaruṇākiccasamayesu karuṇākiccasamayo, attahitaparahitappaṭipattisamayesu parahitappaṭipattisamayo, sannipatitānaṃ karaṇīyadvayasamayesu dhammakathāsamayo, desanāpaṭipattisamayesu desanāsamayo. Tesu samayesu aññatarasamayaṃ 3- sandhāya "ekaṃ samayan"ti āha. Kasmā panettha yathā abhidhamme "yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hotī"ti 4- ca ito aññesu suttapadesu "yasmiṃ samaye bhikkhave bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehī"ti 5- ca bhummavacanena niddeso kato, vinaye ca "tena samayena buddho bhagavā"ti 6- karaṇavacanena niddeso kato, tathā @Footnote: 1 ka. sabbantaṃ therassa suviditaṃ suvavaṭṭhāpitaṃ 2 Sī. sabbamettha, Ma. taṃ tamatthaṃ @3 Ma.,ka aññataraṃ samayaṃ 4 abhi.saṅa. 34/1/21 @5 aṅa. catukka. 21/200/239 (syā) 6 vi. mahāvi. 1/1/1

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page24.

Akatvā "ekaṃ samayan"ti accantasaṃyogatthe upayogavacanena niddeso kato"ti. Tattha tathā, idha ca aññathā atthasambhavato. Tattha hi abhidhamme ito aññesu ca suttantesu ādhāravisayasaṅkhāto adhikaraṇattho kiriyāya kiriyantaralakkhaṇasaṅkhāto bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇattho ca sambhavatīti. Adhikaraṇaṃ hi kālattho samūhattho ca samayo tattha vuttānaṃ phassādidhammānaṃ, tathā kālo sabhāvadhammappavattimattatāya paramatthato avijjamānopi ādhārabhāvena 1- paññāto taṃkhaṇappavattānaṃ tato pubbe parato ca abhāvato yathā "pubbaṇhe jāto sāyaṇhe jāto"tiādīsu. Samūhotipi avayavavinimutto paramatthato avijjamānopi kappanāmattasiddhena rūpena avayavānaṃ ādhārabhāvena paññāpiyati yathā "rukkhe sākhā, yavo yavarāsimhi samuṭṭhito"tiādīsu. Yasmiṃ kāle dhammapuñje ca kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti, tasmiṃyeva kāle dhammapuñje ca phassādayopi hontīti ayaṃ hi tattha attho. Tathā khaṇasamavāyahetusaṅkhātassa samayassa bhāvena tattha vuttānaṃ phassādidhammānaṃ bhāvo lakkhīyati. Yathā hi "gāvīsu duyhamānāsu gato, duddhāsu āgato"ti ettha gāvīnaṃ dohanakiriyāya gamanakiriyā lakkhīyati, evaṃ idhāpi yasmiṃ samayeti vutte ca padamatthassa sattā virahābhāvato satīti ayamattho viññāyamāno eva hotīti samayassa sattākiriyāya cittassa uppādakiriyā phassādīnaṃ bhavanakiriyā ca lakkhīyati. Tathā yasmiṃ samaye yasmiṃ navame khaṇe yasmiṃ yonisomanasikārādihetumhi paccayasamavāye vā sati kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti, tasmiṃ samaye khaṇe hetumhi paccayasamavāye ca phassādayopi hontīti. Tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ bhummavacanena niddeso kato. Vinaye ca "annena vasati, ajjhenena vasatī"tiādīsu viya hetuattho, "pharasunā chindati, kudālena khaṇatī"tiādīsu viya karaṇattho ca sambhavati. Yo hi @Footnote: 1 Sī.,ka. tabbhāvena, Ma. tadabhāvena

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page25.

Sikkhāpadapaññattisamayo dhammasenāpatiādīhipi dubbiññeyyo, tena samayena karaṇabhūtena hetubhūtena ca vītikkamaṃ sutvā bhikkhusaṃghaṃ sannipātāpetvā otiṇṇa- vatthukaṃ puggalaṃ paṭipucchitvā vigarahitvā ca taṃ taṃ vatthuṃ otiṇṇasamayasaṅkhātaṃ kālaṃ anatikkamitvā sikkhāpadāni paññāpento tatiyapārājikādīnaṃ viya sikkhāpada- paññattiyā hetuṃ apekkhamāno tattha tattha vihāsi, tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ vinaye karaṇavacanena niddeso kato. Idha pana aññasmiṃ ca evaṃjātike accantasaṃyogattho sambhavati. Yasmiṃ hi samaye saha samuṭṭhānahetunā idaṃ udānaṃ uppannaṃ, accantameva taṃ samayaṃ ariyavihārapubbaṅgamāya dhammapaccavekkhaṇāya bhagavā vihāsi, tasmā "māsaṃ ajjhetī"tiādīsu viya upayogatthajotanatthaṃ idha upayogavacanena niddeso kato. Tenetaṃ vuccati:- "taṃ taṃ atthamapekkhitvā bhummena karaṇena ca aññatra samayo vutto upayogena so idhā"ti. Porāṇā pana vaṇṇayanti:- "yasmiṃ samaye"ti vā "tena samayenā"ti vā "ekaṃ samayan"ti vā abhilāpamattabhedo esa niddeso, sabbattha bhummameva atthoti. Tasmā "ekaṃ samayan"ti vuttepi ekasmiṃ samayeti attho veditabbo. Bhagavāti garu 1- garuñhi loke "bhagavā"ti vadanti. Ayañca sabbaguṇavisiṭṭhatāya sabbasattānaṃ garu, tasmā bhagavāti veditabbo. Porāṇehipi vuttaṃ:- "bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ bhagavāti vacanamuttamaṃ garu gāravayutto so bhagavā tena vuccatī"ti. 2- @Footnote: 1 Sī.,Ma.,ka. garuvacanaṃ 2 vi.A. 1/130 (syā), visuddhi. 1/268 (syā)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page26.

Tattha seṭṭhavācakavacanaṃ seṭṭhanti vuttaṃ seṭṭhaguṇasahacaraṇato. Athavā vuccatīti vacanaṃ, attho. Bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭhanti bhagavāti iminā vacanena vacanīyo yo attho, so seṭṭhoti attho. Bhagavāti vacanamuttamanti etthāpi vuttanayeneva attho veditabbo. Gāravayuttoti garubhāvayutto garuguṇayogato visesagarukaraṇārahatāya 1- vā gāravayutto. Evaṃ guṇavisiṭṭhasattuttamagarugāravādhivacanaṃ bhagavāti idaṃ vacananti veditabbaṃ. Apica:- "bhagī bhajī bhāgī vibhattavā iti akāsi bhagganti garūti bhāgyavā bahūhi ñāyehi subhāvitattano bhavantago so bhagavāti vuccatī"ti 2- niddese āgatanayena:- "bhāgyavā bhaggavā yutto bhagehi ca vibhattavā bhattavā vantagamano bhavesu bhagavā tato"ti 2- imāya gāthāya ca vasena bhagavāti padassa attho veditabbo, so panāyaṃ attho sabbākārena visuddhimagge 3- vutto, tasmā tattha vuttanayeneva vivaritabbo. Apica bhāge vani, bhage vā vamīti bhagavā. Tathāgato hi dānasīlādipāramidhamme jhānavimokkhādiuttarimanussadhamme ca vani bhaji sevi bahulamakāsi, tasmā bhagavā. Athavā teyeva "veneyyasattasantānesu kathaṃ nu kho uppajjeyyun"ti @Footnote: 1 Sī.,ka. visesagarukaraṇāditāya @2 vi.A. 1/130-1, khu.mahā. 29/231,379, 698/173, 252,407 (syā) @khu.cūḷa. 30/65/10 (syā) visuddhi. 1/269 (syā) 3 visuddhi. 1/268 (syā)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page27.

Vani abhipatthayīti bhagavā. Athavā bhagasaṅkhātaṃ issariyaṃ yasañca vami uggiri kheḷapiṇḍaṃ viya anapekkho chaḍḍayīti bhagavā. Tathāhi tathāgato hatthagataṃ cakkavattisiriṃ devalokādhipaccasadisaṃ cātuddīpissariyaṃ, cakkavattisampattisannissayañca sattaratana- samujjalaṃ yasaṃ tiṇāyapi amaññamāno nirapekkho pahāya abhinikkhamitvā sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho, tasmā ime siriādike bhage vamīti bhagavā. Athavā bhāni nāma nakkhattāni, tehi samaṃ gacchanti pavattantīti bhagā, sineruyugandharauttarakuruhimavantā- dibhājanalokavisesasannissayasobhā kappaṭṭhitibhāvato, tepi bhage vami, tannivāsisattāvāsasamatikkamanato 1- tappaṭibaddhacchandarāgappahānena pajahīti, evampi bhage vamīti bhagavāti evamādinā nayena bhagavāti padassa attho veditabbo. Ettāvatā cettha evamme sutanti vacanena yathāsutaṃ dhammaṃ savanavasena bhāsanto bhagavato dhammasarīraṃ paccakkhaṃ karoti, tena "nayidaṃ atikkantasatthukaṃ pāvacanaṃ, ayaṃ vo satthā"ti satthu adassanena ukkaṇṭhitaṃ janaṃ samassāseti. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā "yo kho ānanda mayā dhammo ca vinayo ca desito paññatto, so vo mamaccayena satthā"ti 2- ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavāti vacanena tasmiṃ samaye bhagavato avijjamānabhāvaṃ dassento rūpakāyaparinibbānaṃ sādheti, tena "evaṃvidhassa nāma dhammassa desetā dasabaladharo vajirasaṅghātasamānakāyo sopi bhagavā parinibbuto, kenaññena jīvite āsā janetabbā"ti jīvitamadamattaṃ janaṃ saṃvejeti, saddhamme cassa ussāhaṃ janeti. Evanti ca bhaṇanto desanāsampattiṃ niddisati, vakkhamānassa sakalasuttassa evanti nidassanato. Me sutanti sāvakasampattiṃ savanasampattiñca niddisati, paṭisambhidappattena pañcasu ṭhānesu bhagavatā etadagge ṭhapitena @Footnote: 1 Sī. tannivāsisatte vā samatikkamanato 2 dī.mahā. 10/216/134

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page28.

Dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena sutabhāvadīpanato "tañca kho mayāva sutaṃ, na anussaritaṃ, 1- na paramparābhatan"ti imassa catthassa dīpanato. Ekaṃ samayanti kālasampattiṃ niddisati bhagavato uruvelāyaṃ viharaṇasamayabhāvena buddhuppādapaṭimaṇḍitabhāvadīpanato. Buddhuppādaparamā hi kālasampadā. Bhagavāti desakasampattiṃ niddisati guṇavisiṭṭhasattuttamagarubhāvadīpanato. Uruvelāyanti mahāvelāyaṃ, mahante vālukārāsimhīti attho. athavā urūti vālukā vuccati, velāti mariyādā, velātikkamanahetu āhaṭā 2- uru uruvelāti evampettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Atīte kira anuppanne buddhe dasasahassatāpasā tasmiṃ padese viharantā "kāyakammavacīkammāni paresampi pākaṭāni honti, manokammaṃ pana apākaṭaṃ. Tasmā yo micchāvitakkaṃ vitakketi, so attanāva attānaṃ codetvā pattapuṭena vālukaṃ āharitvā imasmiṃ ṭhāne ākiratu, idamassa daṇḍakamman"ti katikavattaṃ katvā tato paṭṭhāya yo tādisaṃ vitakkaṃ vitakketi, so tattha pattapuṭena vālukaṃ āharitvā ākirati. Evaṃ tattha anukkamena mahāvālukarāsi jāto, tato naṃ pacchimā janatā parikkhipitvā cetiyaṭṭhānamakāsi. Taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ "uruvelāyanti mahāvelāyaṃ, mahante vālukarāsimhīti attho daṭṭhabbo"ti. Viharatīti avisesena iriyāpathadibbabrahmaariyavihāresu aññataravihārasamaṅgitā- paridīpanaṃ. Idha pana ṭhānanisīdanagamanasayanappabhedesu 3- iriyāpathesu āsanasaṅkhātairiyāpatha- samāyogaparidīpanaṃ ariyavihārasamaṅgitāparidīpanañcāti veditabbaṃ. Tattha yasmā ekaṃ iriyāpathabādhanaṃ aññena iriyāpathena vicchinditvā aparipatantaṃ attabhāvaṃ harati pavatteti, tasmā viharatīti padassa iriyāpathavihāravasena ettha attho @Footnote: 1 cha.Ma. anussutikaṃ 2 cha.Ma. ābhatā 3 cha.Ma. ṭhānanisajjāgamanasayanappabhedesu

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page29.

Veditabbo. Yasmā pana bhagavā dibbavihārādīhi sattānaṃ vividhaṃ hitaṃ harati upaharati upaneti uppādeti, tasmā tesampi vasena vividhaṃ haratīti evamattho veditabbo. Najjāti nadati sandatīti nadī, tassā najjā, nadiyā ninnagāyāti attho. Nerañjarāyāti nelaṃ jalamassāti "nelañjalāyā"ti vattabbe lakārassa rakāraṃ katvā "nerañjarāyā"ti vuttaṃ, kaddamasevālapaṇakādidosarahitasalilāyāti attho. Keci "nīlajalāyāti vattabbe nerañjarāyāti vuttan"ti vadanti. Nāmameva vā etaṃ tassā nadiyāti veditabbaṃ. Tassā nadiyā tīre yattha bhagavā vihāsi, taṃ dassetuṃ "bodhirukkhamūle"ti vuttaṃ. Tattha "bodhi vuccati catūsu maggesu ñāṇan"ti 1- ettha maggañāṇaṃ bodhīti vuttaṃ. "pappoti bodhiṃ varabhūrimedhaso"ti 2- ettha sabbaññutañāṇaṃ. Tadubhayampi bodhiṃ bhagavā ettha pattoti rukkhopi bodhirukkhotveva nāmaṃ labhi. Athavā satta bojjhaṅge bujjhīti bhagavā bodhi, tena bujjhantena sannissitattā so rukkhopi bodhirukkhoti nāmaṃ labhi, tassa bodhirukkhassa. Mūleti samīpe. Ayaṃ hi mūlasaddo "mūlāni uddhareyya antamaso usīranāḷamattānipī"tiādīsu 3- mūlamūle dissati. "lobho akusalamūlan"tiādīsu 4- asādhāraṇahetumhi. "yāvatā 5- majjhanhike kāle chāyā pharati, nivāte paṇṇāni patanti, ettāvatā rukkhamūlan"tiādīsu samīpe. Idhāpi samīpe adhippeto, tasmā bodhirukkhassa mūle samīpeti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Paṭhamābhisambuddhoti paṭhamaṃ abhisambuddho hutvā, sabbapaṭhamaṃyevāti attho. Ettāvatā dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena udānadesanāya nidānaṃ ṭhapentena kāladesadesakapadesā saha visesena pakāsitā honti. @Footnote: 1 khu.cūḷa. 30/667/321 (syā) 2 dī.pā. 11/217/137 @3 aṅ.catukka. 21/195/223 4 dī.pā. 11/305/193 5 Sī.,Ma. yāva

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page30.

Etthāha "kasmā dhammavinayasaṅgahe kariyamāne nidānavacanaṃ vuttaṃ, nanu bhagavatā bhāsitavacanasseva saṅgaho kātabbo"ti. Vuccate:- desanāya ciraṭṭhitiasammosasaddheyyabhāvasampādanatthaṃ. Kāladesadesakavatthuādīhi upanibandhitvā ṭhapitā hi desanā ciraṭṭhitikā hoti asammosā saddheyyā ca desakālakattuhetunimittehi upanibaddho viya vohāravinicchayo. Teneva ca āyasmatā mahākassapena "paṭhamaṃ āvuso ānanda udānaṃ kattha bhāsitan"tiādinā desādīsu pucchāya katāya vissajjanaṃ karontena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena "evamme sutan"tiādinā udānassa nidānaṃ bhāsitanti. Apica satthusampattipakāsanatthaṃ nidānavacanaṃ. Tathāgatassa hi bhagavato pubbaracanānumānāgamatakkābhāvato 1- sambuddhattasiddhi. Na hi sammāsambuddhassa pubbakārānameva vacananti niṭṭhamettha gantabbaṃ. Ito paresupi suttantesu eseva nayo. Ettha ca attajjhāsayo parajjhāsayo pucchāvasiko aṭṭhuppattikoti cattāro suttanikkhepā veditabbā. Yathā hi anekasataanekasahassabhedānipi suttantāni saṅkilesabhāgiyādipaṭṭhānanayena soḷasavidhabhāvaṃ 2- nātivattanti, evaṃ tāni sabbānipi attajjhāsayādisuttanikkhepavasena catubbidhabhāvaṃ nātivattanti. Kāmañcettha attajjhāsayassa aṭṭhuppattiyā ca parajjhāsayapucchāvasikehi saddhiṃ saṃsaggabhedo sambhavati ajjhāsayānusandhipucchānusandhisambhavato, attajjhāsayaaṭṭhuppattīnaṃ aññamaññaṃ saṃsaggo natthīti niravaseso paṭṭhānanayo na sambhavati. Tadantogadhattā vā sambhavantānaṃ sesanikkhepānaṃ 3- mūlanikkhepavasena cattāro suttanikkhepāti vuttaṃ. @Footnote: 1 Sī. pubbavacanānumānāgamattābhāvato 2 cha.Ma. soḷasavidhataṃ @3 Sī.,Ma. visesanikkhepānaṃ

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page31.

Tatrāyaṃ vacanattho:- nikkhipanaṃ nikkhepo, 1- suttassa nikkhepo suttanikkhepo, suttadesanāti attho. Nikkhipīyatīti vā nikkhepo, suttaṃ eva nikkhepo suttanikkhePo. Attano ajjhāsayo attajjhāsayo, so assa atthi kāraṇabhūtoti attajjhāsayo, attano ajjhāsayo etassāti vā attajjhāsayo. Parajjhāsayepi eseva nayo. Pucchāya vaso pucchāvaso, so etassa atthīti pucchāvasiko. Suttadesanāya vatthubhūtassa atthassa uppatti atthuppatti, atthuppatti eva aṭṭhuppatti, sā etassa atthīti aṭṭhuppattiko. Athavā nikkhipiyati suttaṃ etenāti nikkhepo, attajjhāsayādi eva. Etasmiṃ pana atthavikappe attano ajjhāsayo attajjhāsayo. Paresaṃ ajjhāsayo parajjhāsayo. Pucchīyatīti pucchā, pucchitabbo attho. Pucchanavasena pavattaṃ dhammappaṭiggāhakānaṃ vacanaṃ pucchāvasaṃ, tadeva nikkhepasaddāpekkhāya pucchāvasikoti pulliṅgavasena vuttaṃ. Tathā atthuppattiyeva aṭṭhuppattikoti evamettha attho veditabbo. Ettha ca paresaṃ indriyaparipākādikāraṇanirapekkhattā attajjhāsayassa visuṃ suttanikkhepabhāvo yutto. Kevalaṃ hi attano ajjhāsayeneva dhammatantiṭhapanatthaṃ pavattitadesanattā, parajjhāsayapucchāvasikānaṃ pana paresaṃ ajjhāsayapucchānaṃ desanāpavattihetubhūtānaṃ uppattiyaṃ pavattitānaṃ kathamaṭṭhuppattiyā anavarodho, pucchāvasikaaṭṭhuppattikānaṃ vā parajjhāsayānurodhena pavattitānaṃ kathaṃ parajjhāsaye anavarodhoti? na codetabbametaṃ. Paresaṃ hi abhinīhāraparipucchādivinicchayādi- vinimuttasseva suttadesanākāraṇuppādassa aṭṭhuppattibhāvena gahitattā parajjhāsayapucchāvasikānaṃ visuṃ gahaṇaṃ. Tadā hi brahmajāladhammadāyādasuttādīnaṃ vaṇṇāvaṇṇaāmisuppādādidesanānimittaṃ aṭṭhuppatti vuccati, paresaṃ pucchāya vinā ajjhāsayameva @Footnote: 1 ka. nikkhipananti nikkhepo

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page32.

Nimittaṃ katvā desito parajjhāsayo, pucchāvasena desito pucchāvasikoti pākaṭoyamatthoti. Tattha paṭhamādīni tīṇi bodhisuttāni mucalindasuttaṃ āyusaṅkhārossajjanasuttaṃ paccavekkhaṇasuttaṃ papañcasaññāsuttanti imesaṃ udānānaṃ attajjhāsayo nikkhepo huhuṅkasuttaṃ brāhmaṇajātikasuttaṃ bāhiyasuttanti imesaṃ udānānaṃ pucchāvasiko nikkhePo. Rājasuttaṃ sakkārasuttaṃ ucchādanasuttaṃ piṇḍapātikasuttaṃ sippasuttaṃ gopālakasuttaṃ sundarikasuttaṃ mātusuttaṃ saṃghabhedakasuttaṃ udapānasuttaṃ tathāgatuppādasuttaṃ moneyyasuttaṃ pāṭaligāmiyasuttaṃ dvepi dabbasuttānīti imesaṃ udānānaṃ aṭṭhuppattiko nikkhepo, pālileyyasuttaṃ piyasuttaṃ nāgasamālasuttaṃ visākhāsuttañcāta imesaṃ udānānaṃ attajjhāsayo parajjhāsayo ca nikkhePo. Sesānaṃ ekapaññāsāya suttānaṃ parajjhāsayo nikkhePo. Evametesaṃ udānānaṃ attajjhāsayādivasena nikkhepaviseso veditabbo. Ettha ca yāni udānāni bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sammukhā bhāsitāni, tāni tehi yathābhāsitasuttāni vacasā paricitāni manasānupekkhitāni dhammabhaṇḍāgārikassa kathitāni. Yāni pana bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ asammukhā bhāsitāni, tānipi aparabhāge bhagavatā dhammabhaṇḍāgārikassa puna bhāsitāni. Evaṃ sabbānipi tāni āyasmā ānando ekajjhaṃ katvā dhārento bhikkhūnañca vācento aparabhāge paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle udānantveva saṅgahaṃ āropesīti veditabbaṃ. Tena kho pana samayenātiādīsu tena samayenāti ca bhummatthe karaṇavacanaṃ, kho panāti nipāto, tasmiṃ samayeti attho. Ekasmiṃ pana samaye? yaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre bodhirukkhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho, tasmiṃ samaye. Sattāhanti satta ahāni sattāhaṃ, accantasaṃyogatthe etaṃ

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page33.

Upayogavacanaṃ. Yasmā bhagavā taṃ sattāhaṃ nirantaratāya accantameva phalasamāpattisukhena vihāsi, tasmā sattāhanti accantasaṃyogavasena upayogavacanaṃ vuttaṃ. Ekapallaṅkenāti visākhāpuṇṇamāya anatthaṅgateyeva sūriye aparājitapallaṅkavare 1- vajirāsane nisinnakālato paṭṭhāya sakimpi anuṭṭhahitvā yathāābhujitena ekeneva pallaṅkena. Vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedīti vimuttisukhaṃ phalasamāpattisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvediyamāno nisinno hotīti attho. Tattha vimuttīti tadaṅgavimutti vikkhambhanavimutti samucchedavimutti paṭippassaddhivimutti nissaraṇavimuttīti pañca vimuttiyo. Tāsu yaṃ deyyadhammapariccāgādīhi tehi tehi guṇaṅgehi nāmarūpaparicchedādīhi vipassanaṅgehi ca yāva tassa tassa aṅgassa aparihānivasena pavatti, tāva taṃtaṃpaṭipakkhato vimuccanato vimuccanaṃ pahānaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ? dānena macchariyalobhādito, sīlena pāṇātipātādito, nāmarūpavavatthānena sakkāyadiṭṭhito, paccayapariggahena ahetuvisamahetudiṭṭhīhi, tasseva aparabhāgena kaṅkhāvitaraṇena kathaṃkathībhāvato, kalāpasammasanena "ahaṃ mamā"ti gāhato, maggāmaggavavatthānena amagge maggasaññāya, udayadassanena ucchedadiṭṭhiyā, vayadassanena sassatadiṭṭhiyā, bhayadassanena sabhaye abhayasaññāya, ādīnavadassanena assādasaññāya, nibbidānupassanena abhiratisaññāya, muccitukamyatāñāṇena amuccitukamyatāya, upekkhāñāṇena anupekkhāya, anulomena dhammaṭṭhitiyaṃ nibbāne ca paṭilomabhāvato, gotrabhunā saṅkhāranimittabhāvato vimuccanaṃ, ayaṃ tadaṅgavimutti nāma. Yaṃ pana upacārappanābhedena samādhinā yāvassa aparihānivasena pavatti, tāva kāmacchandādīnaṃ nīvaraṇānañceva vitakkādīnañca paccanīkadhammānaṃ anuppattisaññitaṃ vimuccanaṃ, ayaṃ vikkhambhanavimutti nāma. Yaṃ catunnaṃ ariyamaggānaṃ bhāvitattā taṃtaṃmaggavato ariyassa santāne yathārahaṃ "diṭṭhigatānaṃ pahānāyā"tiādinā 2- nayena vuttassa samudayapakkhiyassa kilesagaṇassa puna accantaṃ @Footnote: 1 Sī. aparājitapallaṅkavasena 1 abhi.saṅa. 34/277/84, abhi.vi. 35/491/289

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page34.

Appavattibhāvena samucchedappahānavasena vimuccanaṃ, ayaṃ samucchedavimutti nāma. Yaṃ pana phalakkhaṇe paṭippassaddhattaṃ kilesānaṃ, ayaṃ paṭippassaddhivimutti nāma. Sabbasaṅkhatanissaṭattā pana sabbasaṅkhāravimuttaṃ nibbānaṃ, ayaṃ nissaraṇavimutti nāma. Idha pana bhagavato nibbānārammaṇā phalavimutti adhippetā. Tena vuttaṃ "vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedīti vimuttisukhaṃ phalasamāpattisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvediyamāno nisinno hotīti attho"ti. Vimuttīti ca upakkilesehi paṭippassaddhivasena cittassa vimuttibhāvo, cittameva vā tathā vimuttaṃ veditabbaṃ, tāya vimuttiyā jātaṃ sampayuttaṃ vā sukhaṃ vimuttisukhaṃ. "yāyaṃ bhante upekkhā sante sukhe vuttā bhagavatā"ti 1- vacanato upekkhāpi cettha sukhamicceva veditabbā. Tathā ca vuttaṃ sammohavinodaniyaṃ "upekkhā pana santattā, sukhamicceva bhāsitā"ti bhagavā hi catutthajjhānikaṃ arahattasamāpattiṃ samāpajjati, na itaraṃ. Athavā "tesaṃ vūpasamo sukho"tiādīsu 2- yathā saṅkhāradukkhūpasamo sukhoti vuccati, evaṃ sakalakilesadukkhūpasamabhāvato aggaphale labbhamānā paṭippassaddhivimutti eva idha sukhanti veditabbā. Tayidaṃ vimuttisukhaṃ maggavīthiyaṃ kālantareti phalacittassa pavattivibhāgena 3- duvidhaṃ hoti. Ekekassa hi ariyamaggassa anantarā tassa tasseva vipākabhūtāni nibbānārammaṇāni tīṇi dve vā phalacittāni uppajjanti anantaravipākattā lokuttarakusalānaṃ. Yasmiṃ hi javanavāre ariyamaggo uppajjati, tattha yadā dve anulomāni, tadā tatiyaṃ gotrabhu, catutthaṃ maggacittaṃ, tato paraṃ tīṇi phalacittāni honti. Yadā pana tīṇi anulomāni, tadā catutthaṃ gotrabhu, pañcamaṃ maggacittaṃ, tato paraṃ dve phalacittāni honti. Evaṃ catutthaṃ pañcamaṃ appanāvasena pavattati, na tato paraṃ bhavaṅgassa āsannattā. Keci pana "../../bdpicture/chaṭṭhampi cittaṃ 4- appetī"ti vadanti, taṃ aṭṭhakathāsu 5- @Footnote: 1 Ma.Ma. 13/88/66 2 dī.mahā. 10/221/137 3 Sī. phalacittasamāpattivibhāgena @4 Sī.,Ma. chaṭṭhampi maggacittaṃ 5 visuddhi. 3/324 (syā)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page35.

Paṭikkhittaṃ. Evaṃ maggavīthiyaṃ phalaṃ veditabbaṃ. Kālantare phalaṃ pana phalasamāpattivasena pavattaṃ, nirodhā vuṭṭhahantassa uppajjamānañca eteneva saṅgahitaṃ. Sā panāyaṃ phalasamāpatti atthato lokuttarakusalānaṃ vipākabhūtā nibbānārammaṇā appanāti daṭṭhabbā. Ke taṃ samāpajjanti, ke na samāpajjantīti? sabbepi puthujjanā na Samāpajjanti anadhigatattā. Tathā heṭṭhimā ariyā uparimaṃ, uparimāpi ariyā heṭṭhimaṃ na samāpajjantiyeva puggalantarabhāvūpagamanena paṭippassaddhabhāvato. Attano eva phalaṃ te te ariyā samāpajjanti. Keci pana "sotāpannasakadāgāmino phalasamāpattiṃ na samāpajjanti, uparimā dveyeva samāpajjanti samādhismiṃ paripūrakāribhāvato"ti vadanti. Taṃ akāraṇaṃ puthujjanassāpi attanā paṭiladdhalokiyasamāpajjanato. Kiṃ vā ettha kāraṇacintāya. Vuttañhetaṃ paṭisambhidāyaṃ "katamā dasa saṅkhārupekkhā vipassanāvasena uppajjanti, 1- katame dasa gotrabhudhammā vipassanāvasena uppajjantī"ti 2- imesaṃ pañhānaṃ vissajjane sotāpattiphalasamāpattatthāya sakadāgāmiphalasamāpattatthāyāti tesampi ariyānaṃ phalasamāpattisamāpajjanaṃ vuttaṃ. Tasmā sabbepi ariyā yathāsakaṃ phalaṃ samāpajjantīti niṭṭhamettha gantabbaṃ. Kasmā pana te samāpajjantīti? diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāratthaṃ. Yathā hi rājāno Rajjasukhaṃ, devatā dibbasukhaṃ anubhavanti, evaṃ ariyā "lokuttarasukhaṃ anubhavissāmā"ti addhānaparicchedaṃ katvā icchitakkhaṇe phalasamāpattiṃ samāpajjanti. Kathañcassā samāpajjanaṃ, kathaṃ ṭhānaṃ, kathaṃ vuṭṭhānanti? dvīhi tāva Ākārehi 3- assā samāpajjanaṃ hoti nibbānato aññassa ārammaṇassa amanasikārā, nibbānassa ca manasikāRā. Yathāha:- @Footnote: 1 khu.paṭi. 31/57/66 2 khu.paṭi. 31/60/70 3 Ma. kāraṇehi

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page36.

"dve kho āvuso paccayā animittāya cetovimuttiyā samāpattiyā, sabbanimittānañca amanasikāro, animittāya ca dhātuyā manasikāro"ti. 1- Ayampanettha samāpajjanakkamo:- phalasamāpattitthikena ariyasāvakena rahogatena paṭisallīnena udayabbayādivasena saṅkhārā vipassitabbā. Tassevaṃ 2- pavattānupubbavipassato saṅkhārārammaṇato gotrabhuñāṇānantaraṃ 2- phalasamāpattivasena nirodhe cittamappeti, phalasamāpattininnabhāvena ca sekkhassāpi phalameva uppajjati, na maggo. Ye pana vadanti "sotāpanno attano phalasamāpattiṃ samāpajjissāmīti vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā sakadāgāmī hoti, sakadāgāmī ca anāgāmī"ti. Te vattabbā:- evaṃ sante anāgāmī arahā bhavissati, 3- arahā ca paccekabuddho 3- āpajjeyya, tasmā yathābhinivesaṃ yathājjhāsayaṃ vipassanā atthaṃ sādhetīti sekkhassāpi phalameva uppajjati, na maggo. Phalampi 4- tassa sace anena paṭhamajjhāniko maggo adhigato, paṭhamajjhānikameva uppajjati. Sace dutiyādīsu aññatarajjhāniko, dutiyādīsu aññatarajjhānikamevāti. Kasmā panettha gotrabhuñāṇaṃ maggañāṇapurecārikaṃ viya nibbānārammaṇaṃ na hotīti? phalañāṇānaṃ aniyyānikabhāvato. Ariyamaggadhammāyeva hi niyyānikā. Vuttañhetaṃ "katame dhammā niyyānikā. Cattāro ariyamaggā apariyāpannā"ti. 5- Tasmā ekanteneva niyyānikasabhāvassa ubhato vuṭṭhānabhāvena pavattamānassa anantarapaccayabhūtena ñāṇena nimittato vuṭṭhiteneva bhavitabbanti tassa nibbānārammaṇatā yuttā, na pana ariyamaggassa bhāvitattā tassa vipākabhāvena @Footnote: 1 Ma.mū. 12/458/407 @2-2 cha.Ma. pavattānupubbavipassanasseva saṅkhārārammaṇagotarabhuñāṇānantaraṃ @3-3 cha.Ma. arahā ca paccekabuddho, paccekabuddho ca sambuddhoti @4 Ma. phalampi ca 5 abhi.saṅa. 34/1295/295

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page37.

Pavattamānānaṃ kilesānaṃ asamucchindanato aniyyānikattā avuṭṭhānasabhāvānaṃ phalañāṇānaṃ purecārikañāṇassa kadācipi nibbānārammaṇatā ubhayattha anulomañāṇānaṃ atulyākārato. Ariyamaggavīthiyaṃ hi anulomañāṇāni anibbiddhapubbānaṃ thūlathūlānaṃ lobhakkhandhādīnaṃ sātisayaṃ padālanena lokiyañānena ukkaṃsapāramippattāni maggañāṇānulomāni 1- uppajjanti, phalasamāpattivīthiyaṃ pana tāni tāni tena tena maggena tesaṃ tesaṃ kilesānaṃ samucchinnattā tattha nirussukkāni kevalaṃ ariyānaṃ phalasamāpattisukhasamaṅgibhāvassa parikammamattāni hutvā uppajjantīti na tesaṃ kutoci vuṭṭhānasambhavo, yato tesaṃ pariyosāne ñāṇaṃ saṅkhāranimittaṃ vuṭṭhānato nibbānārammaṇaṃ siyā. Evañca katvā sekkhassa attano phalasamāpattivaḷañjanatthāya udayabbayādivasena saṅkhāre sammasantassa vipassanāñāṇānupubbāya phalameva uppajjati, na maggoti ayañca attho samatthito 2- hoti. Evaṃ tāva phalasamāpattiyā samāpajjanaṃ veditabbaṃ. "tayo kho āvuso paccayā animittāya cetovimuttiyā ṭhitiyā, sabbanimittānaṃ amanasikāro, animittāya ca dhātuyā manasikāro, pubbe ca abhisaṅkhāro"ti. 3- Vacanato panassā tīhākārehi ṭhānaṃ hoti. Tattha pubbe ca abhisaṅkhāroti samāpattito pubbe kālaparicchedo. "asukasmiṃ nāma kāle vuṭṭhahissāmī"ti paricchinnattā hissā yāva so kālo nāgacchati, tāva vuṭṭhānaṃ na hoti. 4- "dve kho āvuso paccayā animittāya cetovimuttiyā vuṭṭhānassa, sabbanimittānañca manasikāro, animittāya ca dhātuyā amanasikāro"ti 3- @Footnote: 1 cha.Ma. maggañāṇānukūlāni 2 Sī.,Ma. samāpattito @3 Ma.mū. 12/458/407 4 Ma. ṭhānaṃ hoti

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page38.

Vacanato panassā dvīhākārehi vuṭṭhānaṃ hoti. Tattha sabbanimittānanti rūpanimittavedanāsaññāsaṅkhāraviññāṇanimittānaṃ. Kāmañca na sabbānevetāni ekato manasi karoti, sabbasaṅgāhikavasena panevaṃ vuttaṃ. Tasmā yaṃ bhavaṅgassa ārammaṇaṃ, tassa manasikaraṇena phalasamāpattito vuṭṭhānaṃ hotīti evaṃ assā vuṭṭhānaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tayidaṃ evamidha samāpajjanavuṭṭhānaṃ arahattaphalabhūtaṃ:- paṭippassaddhadarathaṃ amatārammaṇaṃ sukhaṃ 1- vantalokāmisaṃ santaṃ sāmaññaphalamuttamaṃ. Sandhāyāha 2- vimuttisukhaṃ. Paṭisaṃvedīti. 2- Tena vuttaṃ "vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedīti vimuttisukhaṃ phalasamāpattisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvediyamāno nisinno hotī"ti attho. Athāti adhikāratthe nipāto. Khoti padapūraṇe. Tesu adhikāratthena athāti iminā vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedanato aññaṃ adhikāraṃ dasseti. Ko panesoti? paṭicca- samuppādamanasikāro. Athāti vā pacchāti etasmiṃ atthe nipāto, tena "tassa sattāhassa accayenā"ti vakkhamānameva atthaṃ joteti. Tassa sattāhassāti pallaṅkasattāhassa. accayenāti apagamena. Tamhā samādhimhāti arahattaphalasamādhito. Idha pana ṭhatvā paṭipāṭiyā satta sattāhāni dassetabbānīti keci tāni vitthārayiṃsu. Mayaṃ pana tāni khandhakapāṭhena 3- imissā udānapāḷiyā avirodhadassanamukhena parato vaṇṇayissāma. Rattiyāti avayavasambandhe sāmivacanaṃ. Paṭhamanti accantasaṃyogatthe upayogavacanaṃ. Bhagavā hi tassā rattiyā sakalampi paṭhamaṃ yāmaṃ teneva manasikārena yutto ahosīti. Paṭiccasamuppādanti paccayadhammaṃ. Avijjādayo hi paccayadhammā paṭiccasamuppādo. Kathamidaṃ jānitabbanti ce? bhagavato vacanena. Bhagavatā hi "tasmā tihānanda eseva @Footnote: 1 cha.Ma. subhaṃ 2-2 cha.Ma. iti vuttaṃ sātātisātaṃ vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedesi @3 vi.mahā 4/1/1

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page39.

Hetu etaṃ nidānaṃ esa samudayo esa paccayo jarāmaraṇassa, yadidaṃ jāti .pe. Saṅkhārānaṃ, yadidaṃ avijjā"ti 1- evaṃ avijjādayo hetūti vuttā. Yathā dvādasa paccayā dvādasapaṭiccasamuppādāti. Tatrāyaṃ vacanattho:- aññamaññaṃ paṭicca paṭimukhaṃ katvā 2- kāraṇasamavāyaṃ appaṭikkhipitvā sahite uppādetīti paṭiccasamuppādo. Athavā paṭicca paccetabbaṃ paccayārahataṃ paccayaṃ paṭigantvā na vinā tena sambandhassa uppādo paṭicca- samuppādo. Paṭiccasamuppādoti cettha samuppādapadaṭṭhānavacanaviññeyyo 3- phalassa uppādanasamatthatāyutto hetu, na paṭiccasamuppattimattaṃ 4- veditabbaṃ. Athavā paccetuṃ arahanti naṃ paṇḍitāti paṭicco, sammā sayameva vā uppādetīti samuppādo, paṭicco ca so samuppādo cāti paṭiccasamuppādoti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Anulomanti "avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā"tiādinā nayena vutto avijjādiko paccayākāro attanā kattabbakiccakaraṇato anulomoti vuccati. Athavā ādito paṭṭhāya antaṃ pāpetvā vuttattā pavattiyā vā anulomato 5- anulomo, taṃ anulomaṃ. Sādhukaṃ manasākāsīti sakkaccaṃ manasi akāsi. Yo yo paccayadhammo yassa yassa paccayuppannadhammassa yathā yathā hetupaccayādinā paccayabhāvena paccayo hoti, taṃ sabbaṃ aviparītaṃ aparihāpetvā anavasesato paccavekkhaṇavasena citte akāsīti attho. Yathā pana bhagavā paṭiccasamuppādāanulomaṃ manasākāsi, taṃ saṅkhepena tāva dassetuṃ "iti imasmiṃ sati idaṃ hoti, imassuppādā idaṃ uppajjatī"ti vuttaṃ. Tattha itīti evaṃ, anena pakārenāti attho. Imasmiṃ sati idaṃ hotīti imasmiṃ avijjādike paccaye sati idaṃ saṅkhārādikaṃ phalaṃ hoti. Imassuppādā idaṃ @Footnote: 1 dī.mahā. 10/98/51 2 ka. gantvā @3 Sī. samuppādapatiṭṭhānavacanaṃ viññeyyaṃ. Ma. samuppādapadaṭṭhānavacanaṃ viññeyyaṃ @4 Sī.,Ma. na paccayapaṭiccasamuppattimattaṃ 5 ka. anulomanato

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page40.

Uppajjatīti imassa avijjādikassa paccayassa uppādā idaṃ saṅkhārādikaṃ phalaṃ uppajjatīti attho. Imasmiṃ asati idaṃ na hoti, imassa nirodhā idaṃ nirujjhatīti avijjādīnaṃ abhāve saṅkhārādīnaṃ abhāvassa, avijjādīnaṃ nirodhe saṅkhārādīnaṃ nirodhassa ca dutiyatatiyasuttavacanena etasmiṃ purimasmiṃ 1- paccayalakkhaṇe niyamo dassito hoti:- imasmiṃ sati eva, na asati. Imassuppādā eva, nānuppādā. Anirodhā eva, na nirodhāti. Tenetaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ antogadhaniyamaṃ idha paṭiccasamuppādassa vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Nirodhoti ca avijjādīnaṃ virāgādhigamena 2- āyatiṃ anuppādo. Appavatti. Tathā hi vuttaṃ "avijjāya tveva asesavirāganirodhā saṅkhāranirodho"tiādi. Nirodhanirodhā ca uppādo yena so uppādanirodhabhāvena vutto 3- "imassa nirodhā idaṃ nirujjhatī"ti. Tenetaṃ dasseti:- anirodho uppādo nāma, so cettha atthibhāvotipi vuccatīti. "imasmiṃ sati idaṃ hotī"ti idameva hi lakkhaṇaṃ pariyāyantarena "imassa uppādā idaṃ uppajjatī"ti vadantena parena purimaṃ visesitaṃ hoti, tasmā na dharamānataṃyeva sandhāya "imasmiṃ satī"ti vuttaṃ, athakho maggena aniruddhabhāvañcāti viññāyati. Yasmā ca "imasmiṃ asati idaṃ na hoti, imassa nirodhā idaṃ nirujjhatī"ti dvidhāpi uddiṭṭhassa lakkhaṇassa niddesaṃ vadantena "avijjāya tveva asesavirāganirodhā saṅkhāranirodho"tiādinā nirodho eva vutto, tasmā natthibhāvopi nirodho evāti natthibhāvaviruddho atthibhāvo anirodhoti dassitaṃ hoti. Tena anirodhasaṅkhātena atthibhāvena uppādaṃ viseseti. Tato na idha atthibhāvamattaṃ 4- uppādoti attho adhippeto, athakho anirodhasaṅkhāto atthibhāvoti ca ayamattho vibhāvitoti. Evametaṃ lakkhaṇadvayavacanaṃ aññamaññavisesanavisesitabbabhāvena sātthakanti veditabbaṃ. @Footnote: 1 cha.Ma. ayaṃ pāṭho na dissati 2 Ma. virāgāvigamena @3 Sī.,cha. nirodhanirodhī ca uppādanirodhībhāvena vutto, Ma. nirodhavirodhi ca uppādo, @so uppādavirodhibhāvena vutto 4 ka. attalābhamattaṃ

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page41.

Ko panāyaṃ anirodho nāma, yo "atthibhāvo, uppādo"ti vuccati? appahīnabhāvo ca, anibbattitaphalārahatāpahānehi phalānuppādanārahatā ca. Ye hi 1- pahātabbā akusalā dhammā, tesaṃ ariyamaggena asamugghātitabhāvo ca. Ye pana na pahātabbā kusalābyākatā dhammā, yāni tesu saṃyojanāni akhīṇāsavānaṃ tesaṃ aparikkhīṇatā ca. Asamugghātitānusayatāya hi sasaṃyojanā khandhappavatti paṭiccasamuppādo tathā ca vuttaṃ:- "yāya ca bhikkhave avijjāya nivutassa bālassa yāya ca taṇhāya sampayuttassa ayaṃ kāyo samudāgato, sā ceva avijjā bālassa appahīnā, sā ca taṇhā aparikkhīṇā. Taṃ kissa hetu, na bhikkhave bālo acari brahmacariyaṃ sammā dukkhakkhayāya, tasmā bālo kāyassa bhedā kāyūpago hoti, so kāyūpago samāno na parimuccati jātiyā jarāmaraṇenā"tiādi. 2- Khīṇasaṃyojanānaṃ pana avijjāya abhāvato saṅkhārānaṃ, taṇhupādānānaṃ abhāvato upādānabhavānaṃ asambhavoti vaṭṭassa upacchedo paññāyissatīti. Tenevāha:- "../../bdpicture/channaṃ tveva phagguna phassāyatanānaṃ asesavirāganirodhā, phassanirodho, phassanirodhā vedanānirodho"tiādi. 3- Na hi aggamaggādhigamato uddhaṃ yāva parinibbānā saḷāyatanādīnaṃ appavatti. Athakho natthitā nirodhasaddavacanīyatā khīṇasaññojanatāti nirodho vutto. Apica cirakatampi kammaṃ anibbattitaphalatāya appahīnāhāratāya ca phalārahaṃ santaṃ eva nāma hoti, na nibbattitaphalaṃ, nāpi pahīnāhāranti. Phaluppattipaccayānaṃ avijjā- saṅkhārādīnaṃ vuttanayeneva phalārahabhāvo anirodhoti veditabbo. Evaṃ @Footnote: 1 Sī. tehi 2 saṃ.ni. 16/19/25 @3 saṃ.ni. 16/12/15

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page42.

Aniruddhabhāveneva hi yena vinā phalaṃ na sambhavati, taṃ kāraṇaṃ atītantipi 1- imasmiṃ satīti iminā vacanena vuttaṃ. Tatoyeva ca avusitabrahmacariyassa appavattidhammataṃ anāpanno paccayuppādo kālabhedaṃ anāmasitvā anivabbattanāya eva 2- imassa uppādāti vutto. Athavā avasesapaccayasamavāye avijjamānassāpi vijjamānassa viya pageva vijjamānassa yā phaluppattiabhimukhatā, sā imassa uppādāti vuttā. Tathā hi tato phalaṃ uppajjatīti tadavatthaṃ kāraṇaṃ phalassa uppādanabhāvena uṭṭhitaṃ uppattitaṃ nāma hoti, na vijjamānampi atadavatthanti tadavatthatā uppādoti veditabbo. Tattha satīti iminā vijjamānatāmattena paccayabhāvaṃ vadanto abyāpārataṃ paṭiccasamuppādassa dasseti. Uppādāti uppattidhammataṃ asabbakālabhāvitaṃ phaluppattiabhimukhatañca dīpento aniccataṃ paṭiccasamuppādassa dasseti. "sati, na asati, uppādā, na nirodhā"ti pana hetuatthehi bhummanissakkavacanehi samatthitaṃ nidānasamudayajātippabhavabhāvaṃ paṭiccasamuppādassa dasseti. Hetuatthatā cettha bhummavacanassa 3- yassa bhāve tadavinābhāviphalassa bhāvo lakkhīyati, tattha pavattiyā veditabbā yathā "adhanānaṃ dhane ananuppādīyamāne dāliddiyaṃ vepullamagamāsī"ti 4- ca "nipphannesu sassesu subhikkhaṃ jāyatī"ti ca. Nissakkavacanassāpi hetuatthatā phalassa pabhave pakatiyañca pavattito 5- yathā "kalalā hoti abbudaṃ, abbudā jāyate pesī"ti 6- ca "himavatā gaṅgā pabhavanti, siṅgato 7- saro jāyatī"ti ca. Avijjādibhāve ca tadavinābhāvena saṅkhārādibhāvo lakkhīyati, avijjādīhi ca saṅkhārādayo pabhavanti pakariyanti cāti te tesaṃ pabhavo pakati ca, tasmā tadatthadīpanatthaṃ "imasmiṃ sati imassa uppādā"ti hetuatthe bhummanissakkaniddesā katāti. @Footnote: 1 ka. atītādi 2 Sī. anivattitāya, ka. anibbattanāyaeva 3 cha.Ma. bhummavacane @4 dī.pā. 11/91/55 5 ka. sampavattanato @6 saṃ.sa. 15/235/248 7 ka. pabhavati, sarabhūto

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page43.

Yasmā cettha "imasmiṃ sati idaṃ hoti, imassuppādā idaṃ uppajjatī"ti saṅkhepena uddiṭṭhassa paṭiccasamuppādassa "avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā"tiādiko niddeso, tasmā yathāvutto atthibhāvo uppādo ca tesaṃ tesaṃ paccayuppannadhammānaṃ paccayabhāvoti viññāyati. Na hi aniruddhatāsaṅkhātaṃ atthibhāvaṃ uppādañca anivattasabhāvatāsaṅkhātaṃ udayāvatthatāsaṅkhātaṃ vā "sati eva, nāsati, uppādā eva, na nirodhā"ti antogadhaniyamehi vacanehi abhihitaṃ muñcitvā añño paccayabhāvo nāma atthi, tasmā yathāvutto atthibhāvo uppādo ca paccayabhāvoti veditabbaṃ. Yepi paṭṭhāne āgatā hetuādayo catuvīsatipaccayā, tepi etasseva paccayabhāvassa visesāti veditabbā. 1- Iti yathā vitthārena anulomaṃ paṭiccasamuppādaṃ manasi akāsi, taṃ dassetuṃ "yadidaṃ avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā"tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha yadidanti nipāto, tassa yo ayanti attho. Avijjāpaccayātiādīsu avindiyaṃ kāyaduccaritādiṃ vindatīti avijjā, vindiyaṃ kāyasucaritādiṃ na vindatīti avijjā, dhammānaṃ aviparītasabhāvaṃ aviditaṃ karotīti avijjā, antavirahite saṃsāre bhavādīsu satte javāpetīti avijjā, avijjamānesu javati vijjamānesu na javatīti avijjā, vijjāya paṭipakkhāti vā avijjā, sā "dukkhe aññāṇan"tiādinā 2- catubbidhā veditabbā. Paṭicca na vinā phalaṃ eti uppajjati ceva pavattati cāti paccayo, upakārakattho vā paccayo. Avijjā ca sā paccayo cāti avijjāpaccayo, tasmā avijjāpaccayā. Saṅkharontīti saṅkhārā, lokiyakusalākusalacetanā, sā puññāpuññāneñjābhisaṅkhāravasena tividhā veditabbā. vijānātīti viññāṇaṃ, taṃ lokiyavipākaviññāṇavasena dvattiṃsavidhaṃ. Namatīti nāmaṃ, vedanādikkhandhattayaṃ. Ruppatīti rūpaṃ, bhūtarūpaṃ cakkhvādiupādārūpañca. Āyatati 3- āyatañca saṃsāradukkhaṃ nayatīti āyatanaṃ. Phusatīti phasso. Vediyatīti vedanā. Idampi dvayaṃ @Footnote: 1 ka. daṭṭhabbaṃ 2 abhi.vi. 35/226/161 3 Ma. āyaṃ tanati

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page44.

Dvāravasena chabbidhaṃ, vipākavasena gahaṇe chattiṃsavidhaṃ. Paritassatīti taṇhā, sā kāmataṇhādivasena saṅkhepato tividhā, vitthārato aṭṭhuttarasatavidhā ca. Upādiyatīti upādānaṃ. Taṃ kāmupādānādivasena catubbidhaṃ. Bhavati bhavissati cāti 1- bhavo. So kammūpapattibhedato duvidho. Jananaṃ jāti. Jīraṇaṃ jaRā. Maranti tenāti maraṇaṃ. Socanaṃ soko. Paridevanaṃ paridevo. Dukkhayatīti dukkhaṃ, uppādaṭṭhitivasena dvedhā khaṇatīti dukkhaṃ. Dummanassa bhāvo domanassaṃ. Bhuso āyāso upāyāso. Sambhavantīti nibbattanti. Na kevalañca sokādiyeva, 2- athakho sabbapadehi "sambhavantī"ti padassa yojanā kātabbā. Evaṃ hi "avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā sambhavantī"ti paccayapaccayuppannavavatthānaṃ dassitaṃ hoti. Esa nayo sabbattha. Tattha aññāṇalakkhaṇā avijjā, sammohanarasā, chādanapaccupaṭṭhānā, āsavapadaṭṭhānā. Abhisaṅkharaṇalakkhaṇā saṅkhārā, āyūhanarasā, saṃvidahanapaccupaṭṭhānā, avijjāpadaṭṭhānā. Vijānanalakkhaṇaṃ viññāṇaṃ, pubbaṅgamarasaṃ, paṭisandhipaccupaṭṭhānaṃ, saṅkhārapadaṭṭhānaṃ, vatthārammaṇapadaṭṭhānaṃ vā. Namanalakkhaṇaṃ nāmaṃ, sampayogarasaṃ, avinibbhogapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ, viññāṇapadaṭṭhānaṃ. Ruppanalakkhaṇaṃ rūpaṃ anārammaṇarasaṃ, 3- appaheyyabhāvapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ, viññāṇapadaṭṭhānaṃ. Āyatanalakkhaṇaṃ saḷāyatanaṃ, dassanādirasaṃ, vatthudvārabhāvapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ, nāmarūpapadaṭṭhānaṃ. Phusanalakkhaṇo phasso, saṅghaṭṭanaraso, saṅgatipaccupaṭṭhāno, saḷāyatanapadaṭṭhāno. Anubhavanalakkhaṇā vedanā, visayarasasambhogarasā, sukhadukkhapaccupaṭṭhānā, phassapadaṭṭhānā. Hetubhāvalakkhaṇā taṇhā, abhinandanarasā, atittibhāvapaccupaṭṭhānā, vedanāpadaṭṭhānā. Gahaṇalakkhaṇaṃ upādānaṃ, amuñcanarasaṃ, taṇhādaḷhattadiṭṭhipaccupaṭṭhānaṃ, taṇhāpadaṭṭhānaṃ. Kammakammaphalalakkhaṇo bhavo, bhavanabhāvanaraso, kusalākusalābyākatapaccupaṭṭhāno, upādānapadaṭṭhāno. Tattha tattha bhave paṭhamābhinibbattilakkhaṇā jāti, niyyātanarasā, @Footnote: 1 Sī. bhavati bhaviyati, cha.Ma. bhavati bhāvayati 2 cha.Ma. sokādīhiyeva 3 cha. vikiraṇarasaṃ

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page45.

Atītabhavato idha uppannapaccupaṭṭhānā, dukkhavicittatāpaccuppaṭṭhānā. Khandhaparipākalakkhaṇā jarā, 1- maraṇūpanayanarasā, yobbanavināsapaccupaṭṭhānā. Cutilakkhaṇaṃ maraṇaṃ, visaṃyogarasaṃ gativippavāsapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ. Antonijjhānalakkhaṇo soko, cetaso nijjhānaraso, anusocanapaccupaṭṭhāno. Lālappanalakkhaṇo paridevo, guṇadosaparikkhitaraso, sambhamapaccupaṭṭhāno. 2- Kāyapīḷanalakkhaṇaṃ dukkhaṃ. Kāyadubbaladomanassākaḍḍhanarasaṃ 3- kāyikābādhapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ. Cittapīḷanalakkhaṇaṃ domanassaṃ, manovighātanarasaṃ, mānasabyādhipaccupaṭṭhānaṃ. Cittaparidahanalakkhaṇo upāyāso, nitthunanaraso, visādapaccupaṭṭhāno. Evamete avijjādayo lakkhaṇāditopi veditabbāti. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthāro pana sabbākārasampannaṃ vinicchayaṃ icchantena sammohavinodaniyā vibhaṅgaṭṭhakathāya 4- gahetabbo. Evanti niddiṭṭhanayanidassanaṃ. 5- Tena avijjādīheva kāraṇehi, na issaranimmānādīhīti dasseti. Etassāti yathāvuttassa. Kevalassāti asammissassa sakalassa vā. Dukkhakkhandhassāti dukkhasamūhassa, na sattassa, nāpi jīvassa nāpi subhasukhādīnaṃ. Samudayo hotīti nibbatti sambhavati. Etamatthaṃ viditvāti yvāyaṃ avijjādivasena saṅkhārādikassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hotīti vutto, sabbākārena etamatthaṃ viditvā. Tāyaṃ velāyanti tāyaṃ tassa atthassa viditavelāyaṃ. Imaṃ udānaṃ udānesīti imaṃ tasmiṃ atthe vidite hetuno ca hetusamuppannadhammassa ca pajānanāya ānubhāvadīpakaṃ "yadā have pātubhavantītiādikaṃ somanassasampayuttañāṇasamuṭṭhānaṃ udānaṃ udānesi, attamanavācaṃ nicchāresīti vuttaṃ. Hoti. @Footnote: 1 Ma. jīraṇalakkhaṇā jarā 2 Sī. saṅgamapaccupaṭṭhāno @3 Sī., cha.Ma. duppaññānaṃ domanassakāraṇarasaṃ 4 abhi.A. 2/225/140 @5 cha.Ma. niddiṭṭhassa nidassanaṃ

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page46.

Tassattho:- yadāti yasmiṃ kāle. Haveti byattanti imasmiṃ atthe nipāto. Keci pana "haveti āhave yuddhe"ti atthaṃ vadanti, "yodhetha māraṃ paññāvudhenā"ti 1- hi vacanato kilesamārena yujjhanasamayeti tesaṃ adhippāyo. Pātubhavantīti uppajjanti. Dhammāti anulomapaccayākārapaṭivedhasādhakā bodhipakkhiyadhammā. Athavā pātubhavantīti pakāsenti, abhisamayavasena byattā pākaṭā honti. Dhammāti catuariyasaccadhammamā. Ātāpo vuccati kilesasantāpanaṭṭhena vīriyaṃ. Ātāpīnoti sammappadhānavīriyavato. Jhāyatoti ārammaṇūpanijjhānena lakkhaṇūpanijjhānena jhāyantassa. Brāhmaṇassāti bāhitapāpassa khīṇāsavassa. Athassa kaṅkhā vapayanti sabbāti atha assa evaṃpātubhūtadhammassa yā etā "ko nu kho bhante phusatīti? no kallo pañhoti bhagavā avocā"tiādinā 2- nayena "katamaṃ nu kho bhante jarāmaraṇaṃ, kassa ca panidaṃ jarāmaraṇanti? no kallo pañhoti bhagavā avocā"tiādinā 3- nayena paccayākāre kaṅkhā vuttā, yā ca paccayākārasseva appaṭividdhattā "ahosiṃ nu kho ahaṃ atītamaddhānan"tiādinā 4- soḷasakaṅkhā āgatā, tā sabbā vapayanti apagacchanti nirujjhanti. Kasmā? yato pajānāti sahetudhammaṃ, yasmā avijjādikena hetunā sahetukaṃ imaṃ saṅkhārādikaṃ kevalaṃ dukkhakkhandhadhammaṃ pajānāti aññāsi paṭivijjhīti. Kadā panassa bodhipakkhiyadhammā catusaccadhammā vā pātubhavanti uppajjanti pakāsenti vā? vipassanāmaggañāṇesu tattha vipassanāñāṇe tāva 5- vipassanāñāṇasampayuttā satiādayo vipassanāñāṇañca yathārahaṃ attano visayesu tadaṅgappahānavasena subhasaññādike pajahantā kāyānupassanādivasena visuṃ visuṃ @Footnote: 1 khu.dha. 25/40/23 2 saṃ.ni. 16/12/14 @3 saṃ.ni. 16/35/59 4 Ma.mū. 12/18/11, saṃ.ni. 16/20/26 @5 cha.Ma. vipassanāñāṇe tāvāti pāṭho na dissati

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page47.

Uppajjanti, maggakkhaṇe pana te nibbānamālambitvā samucchedavasena paṭipakkhe pajahantā catūsupi ariyasaccesu asammohappaṭivedhasādhanavasena sakideva uppajjanti. Evaṃ tāvettha bodhipakkhiyadhammānaṃ uppajjanaṭṭhena pātubhāvo veditabbo. Ariyasaccadhammānaṃ pana lokiyānaṃ vipassanākkhaṇe vipassanāya ārammaṇakaraṇavasena, lokuttarānaṃ tadadhimuttatāvasena, maggakkhaṇe nirodhasaccassa ārammaṇābhisamayavasena, sabbesampi kiccābhisamayavasena pākaṭabhāvato pakāsanaṭṭhena pātubhāvo veditabbo. Iti bhagavā satipi sabbākārena sabbadhammānaṃ attano ñāṇassa pākaṭabhāve paṭiccasamuppādamukhena vipassanābhinivesassa katattā nipuṇagambhīrasududdasatāya paccayākārassa taṃ paccavekkhitvā uppannabalavasomanasso paṭipakkhasamucchedavibhāvanena saddhiṃ attano tadabhisamayānubhāvadīpakamevettha udānaṃ udānesīti. Ayampi udāno vutto bhagavatā iti me sutanti ayaṃ pāsi kesuciyeva potthathesu dissati. Tattha ayampiti pisaddo "idampi buddhe ratanaṃ paṇītaṃ, ayampi pārājiko hotī"tiādīsu 1- viya sampiṇḍanattho, tena uparimaṃ sampiṇḍeti. Vuttoti ayaṃ vuttasaddo kesohāraṇavappanavāpasamīkaraṇajīvitavuttipamuttabhāvapāvacanavasena pavattanaajjhenakathanādīsu dissati. Tathāhesa "kāpaṭiko māṇavo daharo vuttasiro"tiādīsu 2- kesohāraṇe āgato. "gāvo tassa pajāyanti khette vuttaṃ virūhati vuttānaṃ phalamasnāti yo mittānaṃ na dubbhatī"ti 3- ādīsu vappane. "no ca kho paṭivuttan"tiādīsu 4- aṭṭhadantakādīhi vāpasamīkaraṇe. "pannalomo paradattavutto migabhūtena cetasā viharāmī"tiādīsu 5- jīvitavuttiyaṃ. @Footnote: 1 vi. mahāvi. 1/89/59 2 Ma.Ma. 13/426/415 3 khu.jā. 28/401/155 @4 vi. mahāvi. 1/289/220 5 vi.cūḷa. 7/332/117

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page48.

"paṇḍupalāso bandhanā pavutto abhabbo haritattāyā"tiādīsu 1- bandhanato pamuttabhāve. "gītaṃ vuttaṃ samīhitan"tiādīsu 2- pāvacanabhāvena 3- pavattite. "vutto guṇo 4- vutto pārāyaṇotiādīsu ajjhene. "vuttaṃ kho panetaṃ bhagavatā `dhammadāyādā me bhikkhave bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā"tiādīsu 5- kathane. Idhāpi kathane eva daṭṭhabbo, tena ayampi udāno bhāsitoti attho. Itīti evaṃ. Me sutanti padadvayassa attho nidānavaṇṇanāyaṃ sabbākārato vuttoyeva. Pubbe "evamme sutan"ti nidānavasena vuttoyeva hi attho idha nigamanavasena "iti me sutan"ti puna vutto. Vuttasseva hi atthassa puna vacanaṃ nigamananti. Itisaddassa atthuddhāro evaṃsaddena samānatthatāya "evamme sutan"ti ettha viya, atthayojanā ca itivuttakavaṇṇanāya amhehi pakāsitāyevāti tattha vuttanayeneva veditabbāti. Paramatthadīpaniyā khuddakanikāyaṭṭhakathāya udānasaṃvaṇṇanāya paṭhamabodhisuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. --------------


             The Pali Atthakatha in Roman Book 26 page 1-48. http://84000.org/tipitaka/atthapali/read_rm.php?B=26&A=1&pagebreak=1              อรรถกถาบาลีอักษรไทย :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/atthapali/read_th.php?B=26&A=1&pagebreak=1              อ่านอรรถกถาแปลไทย :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/attha/attha.php?b=25&i=38              เนื้อความพระไตรปิฎกฉบับหลวง :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/r.php?B=25&A=1425              พระไตรปิฎกฉบับบาลีอักษรไทย :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/pali_read.php?B=25&A=1426              The Pali Tipitaka in Roman Character :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/roman_read.php?B=25&A=1426              Contents of The Tipitaka Volume 25 http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/?index_25

previous bookno pageNumbernext pagelast page chage to ENGLISH letter

บันทึก ๖ กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. ๒๕๖๑. การแสดงผลนี้อ้างอิงข้อมูลจากอรรถกถาฉบับภาษาบาลี อักษรโรมัน. หากพบข้อผิดพลาด กรุณาแจ้งได้ที่ [email protected]