AtthaPali Vol.15

7. 2. Mahavagga 1. Titthayatanasuttavannana [62] Dutiyassa pathame titthayatananiti titthabhutani ayatanani, titthiyanam va ayatanani. Tattha tittham janitabbam, titthakara janitabba, titthiya janitabba, titthiyasavaka janitabba. Tittham nama dvasatthi ditthiyo. Titthakara nama tasam ditthinam uppadaka. Titthiya nama yesam ta ditthiyo nama ruccanti khamanti. Titthiyasavaka nama tesam paccayadayaka. Ayatananti "assanam kambojo ^4- ayatanam, gunnam dakkhinapatho ayatanan"ti ettha sanjatitthanam ayatanam nama. "manorame ayatane sevanti nam vihangama chayam chayatthika yanti phalattha phalabhojino"ti ^5- ettha samosaranatthanam. "pancimani bhikkhave vimuttayatanani"ti ^6- ettha karanam. Tam idha sabbampi labbhati. Sabbepi hi ditthigatika sanjayamana imesuyeva tisu thanesu @Footnote: ¹ Ma. anavasesam ² ka. tyahanti ³ Ma. tassa aham ⁴ cha.Ma. kambojo assanam @⁵ an.pancaka. 22/26/22 pancangikavagga (sya) ⁶ an.pancaka. 22/38/46 @sumanavagga (sya)

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Sanjayanti, samosaramanapi etesuyeva tisu thanesu samosaranti sannipatanti, ditthigatikabhave panesam ^1- etaneva tini karanani ^2- titthabhutani sanjatiadina atthena ayatananitipi titthayatanani. Tenevatthena titthiyanam ayatananitipi titthayatanani. Samanuyunjiyamananiti ka nameta ditthiyoti evam pucchiyamanani. Samanuggahiyamananiti kimkarana eta ditthiyo uppannati evam samma anuggahiyamanani. Samanubhasiyamananiti patinissajjatha tani papakani ditthigataniti evam samma anubhasiyamanani. Apica tinipi etani anuyogapucchavevacananeva. Tena vuttam atthakathayam "samanuyunjatiti va samanuggahatiti va samanubhasatiti va esese ekatthe same samabhage tajjate tanneva"ti. Parampi gantvati acariyaparampara laddhiparampara attabhavaparamparati etesu yankinci paramparam gantvapi. Akiriyaya santhahantiti akiriyamatte santitthanti. "amhakam acariyo pubbekatavadi, amhakam pacariyo pubbekatavadi, amhakam acariya- pacariyo pubbekatavadi. Amhakam acariyo issaranimmanavadi, amhakam pacariyo issaranimmanavadi, amhakam acariyapacariyo issaranimmanavadi. Amhakam acariyo ahetukaapaccayavadi amhakam pacariyo ahetukaapaccayavadi. Amhakam acariyapacariyo ahetukaapaccayavadi"ti evam gacchantani hi etani acariyaparampara ^3- gacchanti nama. "amhakam acariyo pubbekataladdhiko, amhakam pacariyo .pe. Amhakam acariya- pacariyo ahetukaapaccayaladdhiko"ti evam gacchantani laddhiparampara gacchanti nama. "amhakam acariyassa attabhavo pubbekatahetu, amhakam pacariyassa .pe. Amhakam acariyapacariyassa attabhavo ahetukaapaccayo"ti evam gacchantani attabhavaparampara gacchanti nama. Evam pana suvidurampi gacchantani akiriyamatteva santhahanti, ekopi etesam ditthigatikanam katta va kareta va na pannayati. @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma.,i. ca nesam ² cha.Ma.,i. karananiti ³ cha.Ma.....paramparam. evamuparipi

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Purisapuggaloti satto. Kamanca purisotipi vutte puggalotipi vutte sattoyeva vutto hoti, ayam pana sammatikatha nama yo yatha janati, tassa tatha vuccati. Patisamvedetiti attano santane uppannam janati patisamveditam karoti, anubhavati va. Pubbekatahetuti pubbekatakarana, pubbekatakammapaccayeneva patisamvedetiti attho. Imina kammavedananca kiriyavedananca patikkhipitva ekam vipakavedanameva sampaticchanti- yeva. ^1- Ime pittasamutthana abadha semhasamutthana vatasamutthana sannipatika utuparinamaja visamapariharaja opakkamika abadha kammavipakaja abadhati attharoga vutta, tesu satta patikkhipitva atthamamyeva ^2- sampaticchanti. Yepime ditthadhammavedaniyam upapajjavedaniyam aparapariyayavedaniyanti tayo kammarasayo vutta, tesupi dve patibahitva ekam aparapariyayakammamyeva sampaticchanti. Yepime ditthadhammavedaniyo vipako upapajjavedaniyo aparapariyayavedaniyoti tayo vipakarasayo vutta, tesupi dve patibahitva ekam aparapariyayavipakameva sampaticchanti. Yepime kusalacetana akusalacetana vipakacetana kiriyacetanati cattaro cetanarasayo vutta, tesupi tayo patibahitva ekam vipakacetanamyeva sampaticchanti. Issaranimmanahetuti issaranimmanakarana, issarena nimmitatta patisamvedetiti attho. Ayam hi tesam adhippayo:- ima tisso vedana paccuppanne attana katamulakena va anattimulakena va pubbekatena va ahetuapaccaya va patisamvedetum nama na sakka, issaranimmanakaranayeva pana ima patisamvedetiti. Evamvadino panete hettha vuttesu atthasu rogesu ekampi asampaticchitva sabbe patibahanti, hettha vuttesu ca tisu kammarasisu tisu vipakarasisu catusu cetanarasisu ekampi asampaticchitva sabbe patibahanti. Ahetuapaccayati hetunca paccayanca vina, akaraneneva patisamvedetiti attho. Ayanhi nesam adhippayo:- ima tisso vedana paccuppanne attana katamulakena @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma.,i. sampaticchanti. ye va ² cha.Ma.,i. ekam vipakavedanamyeva

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Va anattimulakena va pubbekatena va issaranimmanahetuna va patisamvedetum nama na sakka, ahetuapaccayayeva pana ima patisamvedetiti. Evamvadino panete hettha vuttesu rogadisu ekampi asampaticchitva sabbam patibahanti. Evam sattha matikam nikkhipitva idani tam vibhajitva dassetum tatra bhikkhavetiadimaha. Tattha evam vadamiti laddhipatitthapanattham evam vadamiti dasseti. Laddhinhi apatitthapetva niggayhamana laddhito laddhim sankamanti, bho gotama kim ^1- pubbekatavadam vadamatiadini vadanti. Laddhiya pana patitthapitaya sankamitum alabhanta suniggahita hontiti, ^2- iti nesam laddhipatitthapanattham evam vadamiti aha. Tenahayasmantoti tenahi ayasmanto. Kim vuttam hoti:- yadi etam saccam, evam sante tena tumhakam vadena. Panatipatino bhavissanti pubbekatahetuti ye keci loke panam atipatenti, sabbe te pubbekatahetu panatipatino bhavissanti. Kimkarana? na hi panatipatakammam attana katamulakena na anattimulakena Na issaranimmanahetuna na ahetuapaccaya sakka patisamvedetum, pubbekatahetuyeva patisamvedetiti ayam vo laddhi. Yatha ca panatipatino, evam panatipata viramantapi pubbekatahetuyeva viramissantiti. Iti bhagava tesamyeva laddhim gahetva tesam niggaham aropeti. Imina nayena adinnadayinotiadisupi yojana veditabba. Sarato paccagacchatanti sarabhavena ganhantanam. Chandoti kattukamyatachando. Idam va karaniyam idam va akaraniyanti ettha ayamadhippayo:- idam va karaniyanti kattabbassa karanatthaya, idam va akaraniyanti akattabbassa akaranatthaya kattukamyata va paccattapurisakaro va na hoti. Chandavayamesu va asantesu "idam kattabban"tipi "idam na kattabban"tipi na hoti. Iti karaniyakaraniye kho pana saccato thetato anupalabbhiyamaneti evam kattabbe ca akattabbe ca bhutato thirato apannayamane alabbhamane. Yadi hi kattabbam katum akattabbato ca viramitum @Footnote: ¹ Si.,i. kim mayam, cha.Ma. na mayam ² cha.Ma.,i. honti

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Labheyya, karaniyakaraniyam saccato thetato upalabbheyya. yasma pana ubhayampi evam nupalabbhati, ^1- tasma tam saccato thetato na upalabbhati, evam tasmim ca anupalabbhiyamanepiti ^2- attho. Mutthassatinanti natthassatinam vissatthassatinam. Anarakkhanam viharatanti chasu dvaresu nirarakkhanam viharantanam. Na hoti paccattam sahadhammiko samanavadoti evambhutanam tumhakam va annesam va mayam samanati paccattam sakarano samanavado na hoti na ijjhati. Samanapi hi pubbekatakaranayeva honti, assamanapi pubbekatakaranayevati. Sahadhammikoti sakarano. Niggaho hotiti mama niggaho hoti, te pana niggahita hontiti. Evam pubbekatavadino niggahitva idani issaranimmanavadino niggahetum tatra bhikkhavetiadimaha. Tassattho pubbekatavade vuttanayena veditabbo, tatha ahetukavadepi. Evam imesam titthayatananam parampi gantva ^3- akiriyaya santhahanabhavena tucchabhavam aniyyanikabhavam, asarabhavena thusakottanasadisatam apajjanabhavena aggisannaya dhamamanakhajjupanakasarikkhatam tanditthikanam purimassapi majjhimassapi pacchimassapi atthadassanataya abhavena andhavenupamatam saddamatteneva tani gahetva saraditthikanam pathaviyam patitassa veluvapakkassa daddahayitasaddam ^4- sutva "pathavi samvattamana agacchati"ti sannaya palayantena ^5- sasakena sarikkhabhavanca dassetva idani attana desitassa dhammassa sarabhavanceva niyyanikabhavanca dassetum ayam kho pana bhikkhavetiadimaha. Tattha aniggahitoti annehi aniggahito niggahetum asakkuneyyo. Asankilitthoti nikkileso parisuddho, "sankilittham nam karissama"ti pavattehipi tatha katum asakkuneyyo. Anupavajjoti upavadavinimutto. Appatikutthoti "kim imina haratha nan"ti evam appatibahito, anupakkuttho va. Vinnuhiti panditehi. Apanditananhi ajanitva kathentanam @Footnote: ¹ Si. ubhayampi tam esa na labbhati, cha.Ma. tam esa nupalabbhati @² cha.Ma.,i. anupalabbhiyamaneti ³ Ma. manasikatva ⁴ Ma. daddurasaddam, @cha.,i. daddabhayitasaddam ⁵ Ma. bhayante

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Vacanam appamanam. Tasma vinnuhiti aha. Idani tassa dhammassa dassanattham "katamo ca bhikkhave"ti panham pucchitva "ima cha dhatuyo"tiadina nayena matikam nikkhipitva yathapatipatiya vibhajitva dassento puna ima cha dhatuyotiadimaha. Tattha dhatuyoti sabhava. Nijjivanissattabhavapakasako hi sabhavattho dhatvattho nama. Phassayatananiti vipakaphassanam akaratthena ayatanani. Manopavicarati vitakkavicarapadehi ^1- attharasasu thanesu manassa upavicaRa. Pathavidhatuti patitthadhatu. Apodhatuti abandhanadhatu. Tejodhatuti paripacana- dhatu. Vayodhatuti vitthambhanadhatu. Akasadhatuti asamputthadhatu. Vinnanadhatuti vijananadhatu. Evamidam dhatukammatthanam agatam. Tam kho panetam sankhepato agatatthane sankhepatopi vittharatopi kathetum vattati. Vittharato agatatthane sankhepato kathetum na vattati, vittharatova vattati. Imasmim pana titthayatanasutte idam sankhepato chadhatuvasena kammatthanam agatam. Tam ubhayathapi kathetum vattati. Sankhepato chadhatuvasena kammatthanam parigganhantopi evam parigganhati:- pathavidhatu apodhatu tejodhatu vayodhatuti imani cattari mahabhutani, akasadhatu upadarupam. Ekasminca upadarupe ditthe sesani tevisati ditthanevati sallakkhetabbani. Vinnanadhatuti cittam vinnanakkhandho hoti, tena sahajata vedana vedanakkhandho, sanna sannakkhandho, phasso ca cetana ca sankharakkhandhoti ime cattaro arupakkhandha nama. Cattari pana mahabhutani catunnanca mahabhutanam upadarupam rupakkhandho nama. Tattha cattaro arupakkhandha namam, rupakkhandho rupanti namanca rupancati dveyeva dhamma honti, tato uddham satto va jivo va natthiti evam ekassa bhikkhuno sankhepato chadhatuvasena arahattasampapakam kammatthanam veditabbam. @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. vitakkavicarapadehi

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Vittharato parigganhanto pana cattari mahabhutani parigganhitva akasadhatu- pariggahanusarena tevisati upadarupani parigganhati. Atha nesam paccayam upaparikkhanto puna cattareva mahabhutani disva tesu pathavidhatu visatikotthasa, apodhatu dvadasa, tejodhatu cattaro, vayodhatu chakotthasati kotthasavasena samodhanetva dvacattalisa mahabhutani ca vavatthapetva tevisati upadarupani pakkhipitva pancasatthi rupani vavatthapeti. Tani ca vatthurupena saddhim ca chasatthi hontiti chasatthi rupani passati. Vinnanadhatu pana lokiyacittavasena ekasiti cittani. Tani sabbanipi vinnanakkhandho nama hoti. Tehi sahajata vedanadayopi tattakayevati ekasiti vedana vedanakkhandho, ekasiti sanna sannakkhandho, ekasiti cetana sankharakkhandhoti ime cattaro arupakkhandha tebhumikavasena gayhamana catuvisadhikani tini dhammayatanasatani honti. Iti ^1- ime ca arupadhamma chasatthi ca rupadhammati sabbepi samodhanetva namanca rupancati dveva dhamma honti, tato uddham satto va jivo va natthiti namarupavasena pancakkhandhe vavatthapetva tesam paccayam pariyesanto avijjapaccaya tanhapaccaya kammapaccaya aharapaccayati evam paccayam disva "atitepi imehi paccayehi idam namarupam pavattittha, ^2- anagatepi etehi paccayehi pavattissati, etarahipi etehiyeva pavattatiti tisu kalesu kankham vitaritva anukkamena patipajjamano arahattam papunati. Evam vittharatopi chadhatuvasena arahattasampapakam kammatthanam veditabbam. Cakkhum phassayatananti suvannadinam suvannadiakaro viya dve cakkhuvinnanani dve sampaticchannani tini santirananiti imehi sattahi vinnanehi sahajatanam sattannam phassanam samutthanatthena akaroti ayatanam. Sotam phassayatanantiadisupi eseva nayo. Mano phassayatananti ettha pana dvavisati vipakaphassa veditabba. ^3- Iti hidam chaphassayatanavasena kammatthanam agatam. Tam @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma.,i. dhammasatani hontiti ² Ma. namarupam pavattitam, cha. idam vattam @pavattittha, i. namarupavattam pavattittha ³ cha.Ma. yojetabba

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Sankhepatopi vittharatopi kathetabbam. Sankhepato tava:- ettha hi purimani panca ayatanani upadarupam, tesu ditthesu avasesam upadarupam ditthameva hoti. Chattham ayatanam cittam, tam vinnanakkhandho hoti, tena sahajata vedanadayo sesa tayo arupakkhandhati hettha vuttanayeneva sankhepato ca vittharato ca arahattasampapakam kammatthanam veditabbam. Cakkhuna rupam disvati cakkhuvinnanena rupam passitva. Somanassatthaniyanti somanassassa karanabhutam. Upavicaratiti ettha manam carento upavicarati. Sesapadesupi eseva nayo. Ettha ca ittham va hotu anittham va, yam rupam disva somanassam uppajjati, tam somanassatthaniyam nama. Yam disva domanassam uppajjati, tam domanassatthaniyam nama. Yam disva upekkha uppajjati, tam upekkhatthaniyam namati veditabbam. Saddadisupi eseva nayo. Iti idam sankhepato kammatthanam agatam. Tam kho panetam sankhepato agatatthane sankhepatopi vittharatopi kathetum vattati. Vittharato agatatthane sankhepato kathetum na vattati. Imasmim pana titthayatanasutte idam sankhepato attharasamanopavicaravasena kammatthanam agatam. Tam sankhepatopi vittharatopi kathetum vattati. Tattha sankhepato tava:- cakkhu sotam ghanam jivha kayo rupam saddo gandho rasoti imani nava upadarupani, tesu ditthesu sesaupadarupam ditthameva hoti. Photthabbam tini mahabhutani, tesu ditthesu ^1- catuttham ditthameva hoti. Manovinnanakkhandho, tena sahajata vedanadayo tayo arupakkhandhati hettha vuttanayeneva sankhepato ca vittharato ca arahattasampapakam kammatthanam veditabbam. Ariyasaccaniti ariyabhavakarani, ariyapatividdhani va saccani. Ayamettha sankhepo, vittharato panetam padam visuddhimagge ^2- pakasitam. Channam bhikkhave dhatunanti idam kimattham @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma.,i. tehi ditthehi ² visuddhi. 3/76 indriyasaccaniddesa

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Araddham? sukhavabodhanattham. Yassa hi tathagato dvadasapadam paccayavattam kathetukamo hoti, tassa gabbhavakkantivattam dasseti. Gabbhavakkantivattasmim hi dassite kathetumpi sukham hoti param avabodhetumpiti. Sukhavabodhanattham idamaraddhanti veditabbam. Tattha channam dhatunanti hettha vuttanamyeva pathavidhatuadinam. Upadayati paticca. Etena paccayamattam dasseti. Idam vuttam hoti "../../bdpicture/chadhatupaccaya gabbhassa avakkanti hoti"ti. Kassa channam dhatunam paccayena, kim matu, udahu pituti? na matu na pitu, patisandhigganhanakasattasseva pana channam dhatunam paccayena gabbhassa avakkanti nama hoti. Gabbho ca namesa nirayagabbho tiracchanagabbho ^1- pittivisayagabbho manussagabbho devagabbhoti nanappakaro hoti. Imasmim pana thane manussagabbho adhippeto. Avakkanti hotiti okkanti nibbatti patubhavo hoti, katham hotiti? tinnam sannipatena. ^2- Vuttanhetam:- "tinnam kho pana bhikkhave sannipata gabbhassavakkanti hoti. (katamesam tinnam) ^3- idha matapitaro ca sannipatita ^4- honti, mata ca na utuni ^5- hoti, gandhabbo ca na paccupatthito ^6- hoti. Neva tava gabbhassavakkanti hoti. Idha matapitaro ca sannipatita honti, mata ca utuni hoti, gandhabbo ca na paccupatthito hoti, neva tava gabbhassavakkanti hoti. Yato ca kho bhikkhave matapitaro ca sannipatita honti, mata ca utuni hoti, gandhabbo ca paccupatthito hoti. Evam tinnam sannipata gabbhassavakkanti hoti"ti. ^7- Okkantiya sati namarupanti "vinnanapaccaya namarupan"ti vuttatthane vatthudasakam kayadasakam bhavadasakam tayo arupino khandhati tettimsa dhamma gahita, @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma.,i. tiracchanayonigabbho ² Ma. sannipata ³ cha.Ma. ime patha paliyam @na dissanti ⁴ Si.,i.,Ma. na sannipatita ⁵ Si.,Ma. mata ca utuni @⁶ Si.,Ma. paccupatthito ⁷ Ma.mu. 12/408/364 mahatanhasankhayasutta

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Imasmim pana "okkantiya sati namarupan"ti vuttatthane vinnanakkhandhampi pakkhipitva gabbhaseyyakanam patisandhikkhane catuttimsa dhamma gahitati veditabba. Namarupapaccaya salayatanantiadihi yatheva okkantiya sati namarupapatubhavo dassito, evam namarupe sati salayatanapatubhavo, salayatane sati phassapatubhavo, phasse sati vedanapatubhavo dassito. Vediyamanassati ettha vedanam anubhavantopi vediyamanoti vuccati janantopi. "vediyamaham bhante, vediyatiti mam samgho dharetu"ti ettha hi anubhavanto vediyamano nama, "sukham vedanam vediyamano sukham vedanam vediyamiti pajanati"ti ^1- ettha jananto. Idhapi janantova adhippeto. Idam dukkhanti pannapemiti evam janantassa sattassa "idam dukkham ettakam dukkham, natthi ito uddham dukkhan"ti pannapemi bodhemi janapemi. Ayam dukkhasamudayotiadisupi eseva nayo. Tattha dukkhadisu ayam sannitthanakatha:- thapetva hi tanham tebhumika pancakkhandha dukkhannama, tasseva pabhavika pubbatanha dukkhasamudayo nama, tesam dvinnampi saccanam anuppattinirodho dukkhanirodho nama, ariyo atthangiko maggo dukkhanirodhagamini patipada nama. Iti bhagava okkantiya sati namarupanti kathentopi vediyamanassa janamanasseva kathesi, namarupapaccaya salayatananti kathentopi, salayatanapaccaya phassoti kathentopi, phassapaccaya vedanati kathentopi, vediyamanassa kho panaham bhikkhave idam dukkhanti pannapemiti kathentopi, ayam dukkhasamudayoti, ayam dukkhanirodhoti, ayam dukkhanirodhagamini patipadati pannapemiti kathentopi vediyamanassa janamanasseva kathesi. Idani tani patipatiya thapitani saccani vittharento katamanca @Footnote: ¹ di.Ma. 10/380/254 mahasatipatthanasutta, Ma.mu. 12/113/83 mahasatipatthanasutta, @abhi.vi. 35/363/232 vedananupassananiddesa

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Bhikkhavetiadimaha. Tattha ^1- tam sabbam sabbakarena visuddhimagge ^2- vittharitameva. Tattha vuttanayeneva veditabbam. Ayam pana viseso:- tattha "dukkhasamudayam ariyasaccam yayam tanha ponobbhavika"ti ^3- imaya tantiya agatam, idha "avijjapaccaya sankhara"ti paccayakaravasena. Tattha ca dukkhanirodham ariyasaccam "yo tassayeva tanhaya asesaviraganirodho"ti ^4- imaya tantiya agatam, idha "avijjayatveva asesaviraganirodha"ti paccayakaranirodhavasena. Tattha asesaviraganirodhati asesaviragena ca asesanirodhena ca. Ubhayampetam annamannavevacanameva. Sankharanirodhoti sankharanam anuppattinirodho hoti. Sesapadesupi eseva nayo. Imehi pana padehi yam agamma avijjadayo nirujjhanti, atthato tam nibbanam dipitam hoti. Nibbananhi avijjanirodhotipi sankharanirodhotipi evam tesam tesam dhammanam nirodhanamena kathiyati. Kevalassati sakalassa. Dukkhakkhandhassati vattadukkharasissa. Nirodho hotiti appavatti ^5- hoti. Tattha yasma avijjadinam nirodho nama khinakaropi vuccati arahattampi nibbanampi, tasma idha khinakaradassanavasena dvadasasu thanesu arahattam, dvadasasuyeva nibbanam kathitanti veditabbam. Idam vuccatiti ettha nibbanameva sandhaya idanti vuttam. Atathangikoti na atthahi angehi vinimutto anno maggo nama atthi. Yatha pana pancangikaturiyanti vutte pancangamattameva turiyanti vuttam hoti, evamidhapi atthangikamattameva maggo hotiti veditabbo. Aniggahitoti na niggahito. Nigganhanto hi parihapetva va dasseti vaddhetva tam parivattetva va. Tattha yasma cattari ariyasaccani "na imani cattari, dve va tini va"ti evam hapetvapi "panca va cha va"ti evam vaddhetvapi "na imani cattari ariyasaccani, annaneva cattari ariyasaccani"ti dassetum na sakka. Tasma ayam dhammo aniggahito nama. Sesam sabbattha uttanamevati. @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. ayam patho na dissati ² visuddhi. 3/80 indriyasaccaniddesa @1 di.Ma. 10/400/262 samudayasaccaniddesa, Ma.mu. 12/133/90 samudayasaccaniddesa, @abhi.vi. 35/203/120 samudayasacca ² di.Ma. 10/401/264 nirodhasaccaniddesa, @Ma.mu. 12/134/92 nirodhasaccaniddesa, abhi.vi. 35/204/122 nirodhasacca @³ Si. appavattiko

The Pali Atthakatha in Roman Book 15 page 173-183. http://84000.org/tipitaka/atthapali/read_rm.php?B=15&A=3965&modeTY=2&pagebreak=1 อรรถกถาบาลีอักษรไทย :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/atthapali/read_th.php?B=15&A=3965&modeTY=2&pagebreak=1 อ่านอรรถกถาแปลไทย :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/attha/attha.php?b=20&i=501 เนื้อความพระไตรปิฎกฉบับหลวง :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/r.php?B=20&A=4571 พระไตรปิฎกฉบับบาลีอักษรไทย :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/pali_read.php?B=20&A=4631 The Pali Tipitaka in Roman Character :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/roman_read.php?B=20&A=4631 Contents of The Tipitaka Volume 20 http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/?index_20